Colossians 1 · The Lantern

Greetings from Paul and Timothy

Paul, an apostle of Christ Jesus through the will of God, and Timothy our brother,

"Paul an Apostle of Jesus Christ through the will of God." It were well also to say, what from considering this Epistle we have found to be its occasion and subject. What then is it? They used to approach God through angels; they held many Jewish and Grecian observances. These things then he is correcting.

Immediately and from the very beginning he imperceptibly refutes their way of thinking. For he is an apostle not of angels, but of Jesus Christ, and the will of God is that he is an apostle of that Christ, and not of angels. So if I am an apostle "by the will of God," then it is clear that I preach the truth. What then?

This letter is divided into its greeting and its message (1:3). First, the persons sending the letter are mentioned; then, the ones to whom it is sent (1:2); and thirdly, the good things desired for the latter (1:2b). As to the first, the principal sender is mentioned; and secondly, his companion.

to the saints in Colossae and faithful brothers in Christ: Grace to you and peace from God our Father.

Moreover, when we stand praying, beloved brethren, we ought to be watchful and earnest with our whole heart, intent on our prayers. Let all carnal and worldly thoughts pass away, nor let the soul at that time think on anything but the object only of its prayer.

Colossae is a city of Phrygia, which is now called Chonae — this is evident from the fact that Laodicea is a neighboring country to it. From what then did you become saints? Was it not through baptism into the death of Christ? Why are you called faithful? Is it not because you believe in Christ? Is it not because such mysteries have been entrusted to you by Christ?

The persons to whom this letter is sent are the saints and faithful brethren at Colossae. The greater ones are called saints: "Let us serve him in holiness and righteousness" (Lk 1:74); and the lesser ones are referred to as the faithful, who have at least kept the true faith, because "without faith it is impossible to please God" (Heb 11:6).

Thanksgiving and Prayer

We give thanks to God the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, always praying for you,

Ver. 3. "We give thanks to God, the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ." He seems to me to refer everything to the Father, that what he has to say may not at once offend them. "Praying always for you." He shows his love, not by giving thanks only, but also by continual prayer, in that those whom he did not see, he had continually within himself.

He does not add the name of Christ here, although this was his custom, so as not to immediately, from the very first words, openly attack them and thereby turn them against the following content of the speech. Let those who diminish the Holy Spirit say, why is God our Father? Is it not through the Spirit? Who granted us what is great and surpasses the mind?

Here Paul begins his message. First, he commends the truth of the Gospel; secondly, he defends this against those who attack it (in the second chapter). In regard to the first he does two things. First, he commends the truth of faith in the Gospel; and secondly, its Author (1:15). The first is divided into two parts.

having heard of your faith in Christ Jesus and of the love that you have toward all the saints,

Ver. 4. "Having heard of your faith in Christ Jesus." A little above he said, "our Lord." "He," saith he, "is Lord, not the servants." "Of Jesus Christ." These names also are symbols of His benefit to us, for "He," it means, "shall save His people from their sins." (Matt. i. 21.) Ver. 4.

We thank God, he says, because we heard from Epaphroditus about your faith in Christ Jesus, and not in angels. Through this he predisposes them toward himself. Because these names—Christ and Jesus—are symbols of beneficence; for He received anointing for our sake, and He Himself saved His people from their transgressions.

Then he states his reasons for giving thanks. First, he recalls the blessings they have; and secondly, how they were obtained (1:5b). Our blessings or goods consist especially in faith, hope, and the love of charity: for by faith we have a knowledge of God; by hope we are raised up to him; but by the love of charity we are united to him.

because of the hope laid up for you in the heavens, which you heard of before in the word of the truth of the gospel

This shall now be proved even by the apostle, when he says: "For the hope which is laid up for you in heaven, whereof ye heard before in the word of the truth of the gospel; which is come unto you, as it is unto all the world." For if, even at that time, the tradition of the gospel had spread everywhere, how much more now!

Paul shows them that the governance of angels does not fulfill the hope laid before us of the resurrection and the kingdom. These happen by the appearing of our Lord Jesus Christ. .

Further, the fruit of worldly love is obtained in this world; but the fruit of the love of charity is in eternal life. This leads him to mention hope: because of the hope laid up for you in heaven, that is, because of your eternal glory, which is called hope because it is considered as certain: "This hope has been put in my heart," as we read in Job (19:27).

that is present among you, just as also in all the world it is bearing fruit and increasing, just as also among you, from the day you heard and knew the grace of God in truth —

Ver. 6. "Which is come unto you, even as it is also in all the world." He now gives them credit. "Is come," he said metaphorically. He means, it did not come and go away, but that it remained, and was there.

But the evidence of all the several scriptures with one accord proclaims the Church spread abroad throughout the world, with which the faction of Donatus does not hold communion.

Then when he says, which has come to you, Christ's doctrine is commended for its growth, because it has come not only to you, but is indeed in the whole world: "Their voice goes out through all the earth, and their words to the end of the world" (Ps 19:4); "This Gospel of the kingdom will be preached throughout the whole world... and then the end will come" (Mt 24:14).

just as you learned from Epaphras, our beloved fellow servant, who is a faithful minister of Christ on your behalf,

who also made known to us your love in the Spirit.

Because of this we also, from the day we heard, do not cease praying for you and asking that you may be filled with the knowledge of his will in all wisdom and spiritual understanding,

For there is an instruction of the perfect, of which, writing to the Colossians, he says, "We cease not to pray for you, and beseech that ye may be filled with the knowledge of His will in all wisdom and spiritual understanding; that ye may walk worthy of the Lord to all pleasing; being fruitful in every good work, and increasing in the knowledge of God; strengthened with all m…

It is God's will, that we acknowledge him and know that it is not possible to be saved by angels but only through Jesus Christ. How then can we know this? Through spiritual, not worldly, wisdom. .

Above, the Apostle gave the reason for his thanksgiving by mentioning the things for which he gave thanks; here he states his prayer, showing what he is asking for them. First, he gives the characteristics of prayer; secondly, he mentions the goods he is asking for (v. 9b). Prayer has three characteristics.

to walk worthily of the Lord unto all pleasing, bearing fruit in every good work and growing in the knowledge of God,

We are commanded to do good when it says: "Decline from evil and do good," but we pray to do good when it says: "We cease not to pray for you, asking," and among other things that Paul asks he mentions: "That you may walk worthy of God in all things pleasing, in every good work and good word." As then we acknowledge the part played by the will when these commands are given, so…

Further, knowledge by itself is not enough, because "Whoever knows what is right to do and fails to do it, for him it is sin" (Jas. 4:17). And therefore, it is necessary to act according to virtue.

being strengthened with all power according to the might of his glory unto all endurance and patience with joy,

"Strengthened with all power." He is here speaking of trials and persecutions. We pray that ye might be filled with strength, that ye faint not for sorrow, nor despair. "According to the might of His glory." But that ye may take up again such forwardness as it becometh the power of His glory to give. "Unto all patience and long-suffering." What he saith is of this sort.

We pray that you may attain perfection, "being strengthened with all power." Against what? Against temptations and persecutions, so that you do not become careless and do not fall into despair. To grant you such power as is fitting for Him to give, that is, ineffable and boundless, such as it is possible for a person to receive. Here is great encouragement.

Then he mentions their standing up under evils, for to live a virtuous life it is not enough just to know and to will; one must also act in spite of opposition: and this cannot be done without a patient endurance of evils. And so he says, may you be strengthened with all power: "Rich in power" (Sir 44:6).

giving thanks to the Father, who has qualified you for the share of the inheritance of the saints in the light,

For He Himself has bound the strong man and spoiled his goods, that is, us men, whom our enemy had abused in every evil activity, and made "vessels meet for the Master's use" us who have been perfected for every work through the making ready of that part of us which is in our own control.

Moreover in writing to the Thessalonians he says: "Giving thanks to God the Father, who has made us worthy to be partakers of the lot of the saints in light." Since we read that many things in the Old and New Testaments were divided by lots, none has dared to deny that the lot has been God's way of manifesting what devoted hearts sought with prayerful petition.

Then when he says, giving thanks to God the Father, he gives thanks for the favors granted to all of the faithful: first for the gift of grace, and then secondly for the fruit of grace (v. 13). And so he says: We pray for you, giving thanks to God, as our Creator, and the Father, by adopting us, who has qualified us to share in the inheritance of the saints in light.

who delivered us from the dominion of darkness and transferred us into the kingdom of the Son of his love,

For we have been freed from the condition of darkness, that is, rescued from hell, in which we were held by the devil as well as by our own sin, through faith we have been transferred into the heavenly kingdom of the Son of God; so that God might show us the depth of His love for us, when He lifted us up from the depths of hell and brought us into heaven with His true Son.

From this power of evil angels nothing doth deliver man but the grace of God, whereof the Apostle speaketh, "Who hath delivered us from the power of darkness, and hath translated us into the kingdom of the Son of His love:" of which things that people did bear the figure, when they were delivered from the power of the Egyptians, and translated into the kingdom of the land of pr…

First, he mentions this transference; and secondly, the way in which men are the slaves of sin before they receive grace. For since sin is a darkness, men before receiving grace are in the power of darkness, i.e., either of the evil spirits or of sins: "Against the world rulers of this present darkness" (Eph 6:12), "Even the captives of the mighty shall be taken" (Is 49:25).

in whom we have redemption, the forgiveness of sins;

And again, in his Epistle to the Galatians, he says: "But when the fulness of time had come, God sent forth His Son, made of a woman, made under the law, to redeem them that were under the law, that we might receive the adoption;" plainly indicating one God, who did by the prophets make promise of the Son, and one Jesus Christ our Lord, who was of the seed of David according to…

Lest you, having heard that the Father delivered us, should think that the Son showed nothing good, he says further that the Son granted us very much. For He is the source of our being brought into the Kingdom, since He granted us redemption, that is, the forgiveness of sins. For if we had not been redeemed and freed from them, we would not have been brought into the Kingdom.

Then when he says, in whom we have redemption, he shows the way we have been transferred. For humanity in sin was held down in two ways: first, as a slave: "Every one who commits sin is a slave to sin" (Jn 8:34), and secondly, as deserving punishment and as turned away from God: "Your iniquities have made a separation between you and your God, and your sins have hid his face fr…

The Supremacy of the Son

who is the image of the invisible God, the firstborn of all creation,

Stand fast, brethren, in the faith of Jesus Christ, and in His love, in His passion, and in His resurrection. Do ye all come together in common, and individually, through grace, in one faith of God the Father, and of Jesus Christ His only-begotten Son, and "the first-born of every creature," but of the seed of David according to the flesh, being under the guidance of the Comfor…

And the Image as of one substance with Him, and because He is of the Father, and not the Father of Him. For this is of the Nature of an Image, to be the reproduction of its Archetype, and of that whose name it bears; only that there is more here.

After Paul recalled for us the universal and special benefits of grace, he now commends the Author of this grace, that is, Christ. And he does this, first, in his relation to God; secondly, in relation to all of creation (1:15b), and thirdly, in relation to the Church (v. 18).

because in him all things were created, in the heavens and upon the earth, the visible and the invisible, whether thrones or dominions or rulers or authorities — all things have been created through him and for him.

And [know ye, moreover], that He who was born of a woman was the Son of God, and He that was crucified was "the first-born of every creature," and God the Word, who also created all things.

Christ then is the Only-begotten Son of God, and Maker of the world. For He was in the world, and the world was made by Him; and He came unto His own, as the Gospel teaches us. And not only of the things which are seen, but also of the things which are not seen, is Christ the Maker at the Father's bidding.

Then when he says, in him all things were created, he explains what he has just said, that is, that the Son is the first-born because he was generated as the principle of creatures; and this with respect to three things.

And he himself is before all things, and in him all things hold together.

For after making mention of the creation, he naturally speaks of the Framer's Power as seen in it, which Power, I say, is the Word of God, by whom all things have been made. If indeed the creation is sufficient of itself alone, without the Son, to make God known, see that you fall not, from thinking that without the Son it has come to be.

For God knows all things beforehand, both past and present at once, and everything which is going to happen in the future up to the end of the world. He sees them as already present, because in and through Him all things hold together (Colossians 1:17).

Since someone might ask: Are all things eternal? the Apostle says in answer: No! He is before all, that is, before all times and other things: "The Lord possessed me in the beginning of his ways, before he made anything from the beginning" (Prov 8:22). Or, He is before all in dignity: "Who among the heavenly beings is like the Lord?" (Ps 89:6).

And he himself is the head of the body, the church; who is the beginning, the firstborn from the dead, so that in all things he himself might hold the first place;

Let us consider, beloved, how the Lord continually proves to us that there shall be a future resurrection, of which He has rendered the Lord Jesus Christ the first-fruits by raising Him from the dead. Let us contemplate, beloved, the resurrection which is at all times taking place. Day and night declare to us a resurrection.

"And He is the head of the body, the Church." Then having spoken of His dignity, he afterwards speaks of His love to man also.

After the Apostle commended Christ in his relationship to God and to all creatures, he here commends him in his relationship to the Church: first, in a general way; secondly, in particular, in reference to the Colossians (v. 21); and thirdly, in reference to himself (v. 23b).

because in him he was pleased for all the fullness to dwell,

For how is He before all, if He is not before all things? How, again, is He before all things, if He is not "the first-born of every creature"-if He is not the Word of the Creator? Now how will he be proved to have been before all things, who appeared after all things? Who can tell whether he had a prior existence, when he has found no proof that he had any existence at all?

"For it was the good pleasure of the Father, that in Him should all the fullness dwell." Whatsoever things are of the Father, these he saith are of the Son also, and that with more of intensity, because that He both became "dead" for, and united Himself to us. He said, "Firstfruits," as of fruits.

Then (v. 19), he shows the dignity of the head with respect to the fulness of all graces. For some saints had particular graces, but Christ had all graces; and so he says, that in him all the fulness was pleased to dwell. Each word has its own force.

and through him to reconcile all things to himself, having made peace through the blood of his cross — through him, whether the things on the earth or the things in the heavens.

These things the Saviour endured, and made peace through the Blood of His Cross, for things in heaven, and things in earth. For we were enemies of God through sin, and God had appointed the sinner to die.

Then when he says, and through him to reconcile to himself all things, he shows that Christ is the head of the Church because of an inflow from him. And this is the third characteristic of a head. First, he shows the inflow of grace; and secondly, he explains it.

And you, once being alienated and enemies in mind in the evil deeds, but now he has reconciled

But now the case stands thus, that the Word has saved that which really was [created, viz., ] humanity which had perished, effecting by means of Himself that communion which should be held with it, and seeking out its salvation. But the thing which had perished possessed flesh and blood.

And you, who were once alienated and enemies in your mind because of your evil behavior, but now he has reconciled you by Christ's physical body through death, to present you holy, unblemished, and blameless in his sight.

Then (v. 21), Christ is commended because of the gifts he gave them. First, Paul recalls their past condition; secondly, Christ's gift (v. 22); and thirdly, what they have to do now (v. 23). Their past condition had three evils: in their intellect, they were ignorant; in their affections, they were enemies of justice; and in their actions, they committed many sins.

in the body of his flesh through death, to present you holy and unblemished and blameless before him,

if indeed you continue in the faith, established and firm and not being moved away from the hope of the gospel that you heard, which was proclaimed in all creation under heaven, of which I, Paul, became a minister.

And pray ye without ceasing in behalf of other men. For there is in them hope of repentance that they may attain to God. See, then, that they be instructed by your works, if in no other way.

Since he ascribed everything to the Son, Who delivered from all things by His death, lest they should say: after this there is no need for our labors, he says that it is necessary to abide in the faith. Therefore do not be frivolous and do not lose heart.

What God requires of us is that we be firm in faith and hope. And so Paul continues, provided that you continue in the faith, stable. For faith is a foundation; if it is firm the entire structure of the Church is firm. And steadfast in hope, not weakening themselves from within; not shifting by allowing others to shake that hope.

Paul’s Suffering for the Church

Now I rejoice in the sufferings for you, and I fill up in my flesh what is lacking of the afflictions of Christ for the sake of his body, which is the church,

As, however, he says elsewhere, that the Church is the body of Christ, so here also (the apostle) declares that he "fills up that which is behind of the afflictions of Christ in his flesh for His body's sake, which is the Church." But you must not on this account suppose that on every mention of His body the term is only a metaphor, instead of meaning real flesh.

I fulfill what is lacking in the tribulations of Christ through my suffering, which is on your behalf. How so? Because in order to preach to you, I have had to suffer. Since Christ is the head of the body, tribulation will be generated through the word of truth for those who are in the church. These are naturally called the sufferings of Christ. .

He is a faithful minister. This is obvious, because he does not run away from the dangers involved in his preaching. First, he shows his attitude toward his sufferings; secondly, the fruit of his suffering (v. 24b).

of which I became a minister according to the administration of God given to me toward you, to fulfill the word of God —

Let my spirit be counted as nothing for the sake of the cross, which is a stumbling-block to those that do not believe, but to us salvation and life eternal. "Where is the wise man? where the disputer? " Where is the boasting of those who are styled prudent?

"Of which I was made," saith he, "a minister, according to the dispensation of God which is given me to youward, to fulfill the word of God." "The dispensation." Either he means, He so willed that after His own departure we should succeed to the dispensation, in order that ye might not feel as deserted, (for it is Himself that suffers, Himself that is ambassador;) or he means t…

Then when he says, of which I became a minister, he shows the greatness of his ministry in three ways: first, from its origin; in the second place, from the end to which it is directed (v. 25b); and thirdly, from its purpose (v. 28).

the mystery hidden from the ages and from the generations, but now made manifest to his saints,

All the prophets, therefore, and the law spoke by means of the Demiurge,-a silly god, he says, (and themselves) fools, who knew nothing.

Having spoken about what we have received, Paul points to yet another advantage, namely that before us no one knew this mystery. He calls a mystery that which no one knew except God, and not simply "hidden" (κεκρυμμένον), but "concealed" (ἀποκεκρυμμένον). And the expression "from the ages" means: since the ages began. This is His dispensation, that the mystery is now revealed.

But God arranged that this be accomplished by Paul's ministry, and so Paul says, to make fully known this mystery (it is called a mystery insofar as it is hidden), because this mystery which has been hidden is this word: "I have a secret, I have a secret" (Is 24:16).

to whom God willed to make known what is the riches of the glory of this mystery among the Gentiles, which is Christ in you, the hope of glory;

Let not others therefore deceive you, for they know not. Why to them alone? "To whom He was pleased," he saith. See how everywhere He stops the mouth of their questions. "To whom God was pleased to make known," he saith. Yet His will is not without reason.

It was revealed to his saints not because of their own merits, but because of God's good pleasure; thus Paul says, to them God chose to make known the riches of the glory of this mystery: "All that I have heard from my Father I have made known to you. You did not choose me, but I chose you" (Jn 15:15); "Yea, Father, for such was thy gracious will" (Mt 11:26).

whom we proclaim, admonishing every man and teaching every man in all wisdom, so that we may present every man perfect in Christ.

"Whom we," not Angels: "teaching" and "admonishing": not imperiously nor using constraint, for this too is of God's lovingkindness to men, not to bring them to Him after the manner of a tyrant. Seeing it was a great thing he had said, "teaching," he added, "admonishing," which is rather like a father than an instructor.

We preach, but not the angels. How then after this do you consider them ministers? And he expressively said: καταγγέλλομεν – we proclaim below, that is, as if bringing Him down from on high, Not in a commanding way and not with compulsion. For this too is characteristic of divine goodness — to draw to itself not by force, but through exhortation and teaching.

Now he mentions its function. In regard to this he does three things. First, he indicates its function; secondly, its fruit (v. 28b), and in the third place, the help he was given (v. 29).

For this I also toil, striving according to his working, which works in me with power.

"Whereunto I labor also, striving." And he said not, "I am desirous" merely, nor in any indifferent way, but "I labor, striving," with great earnestness, with much watching. If I, for your good, thus watch, much more ought ye. Then again, showing that it is of God, he saith, "according to His working which worketh in me mightily." He shows that this is the work of God.

He was not satisfied with merely naming the labor, but added the word "I strive," in order to show the vigilance, the strictness of his life, and everything else that is characteristic of those who strive. So then, if I labor for your benefit, how much more ought you to labor? Having said "I labor," he shows that this too is the work of God.

And so he says, For this I toil, striving against unbelievers and sinners: "Take your share of suffering as a good soldier of Christ Jesus" (2 Tim 2:3); "I have fought the good fight, I have finished the race, I have kept the faith" (2 Tim 4:7).

Colossians1

Greetings from Paul and Timothy

Thanksgiving and Prayer

The Supremacy of the Son

Paul’s Suffering for the Church