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The Octavius of Minucius Felix 3:6Marcus Minucius Felix"You are withdrawing," says Caecilius, "from the office of a religious judge; for it is very unfair for you to weaken the force of my pleading by the interpolation of a very important argument, since Octavius has before him each thing that I have said, sound and unimpaired, if he can refute it." "What you are reproving," said I, "unless I am mistaken, I have brought forward for the common advantage, so that by a scrupulous examination we might weigh our decision, not by the pompous style of the eloquence, but by the solid character of the matter itself. Nor must our attention, as you complain, be any longer called away, but with absolute silence let us listen to the reply of our friend Januarius, who is now beckoning to us."Epistle 70 1:2Council of Carthage of 257Cyprian, Liberalis, Caldonius, etc., to their brethren Januarius, etc. Greeting.The Canons 1:14Council of Carthage of 257I place here St. Cyprian's Seventieth Epistle in the Oxford Translation (Epistle of St. Cyprian, pp. 232 et seqq.). This letter is ad. dressed to Januarius, Satterninus, etc., and is headed in Beveridge's Synodicon "Canon I."Letters · Epistle 59 1:4Cyprian1. Cyprian to Januarius, Maximus, Proculus, Victor, Modianus, Nemesianus, Nampulus, and Honoratus, his brethren, greeting. With excessive grief of mind, and not without tears, dearest, brethren, I have read your letter which you wrote to me from the solicitude of your love, concerning the captivity of our brethren and sisters. For who would not grieve at misfortunes of that kind, or who would not consider his brother's grief his own, since the Apostle Paul speaks, saying, "Whether one member suffer, all the members suffer with it; or one member rejoice, all the members rejoice with it; " and in another place he says, "Who is weak, and I am not weak? " Wherefore now also the captivity of our brethren must be reckoned as our captivity, and the grief of those who are endangered is to be esteemed as our grief, since indeed there is one body of our union; and not love only, but also religion, ought to instigate and strengthen us to redeem the members of the brethren.Letters · Epistle 67 1:4Cyprian1. Cyprian, Caecilius, Primus, Polycarp, Nicomedes, Lucilianus, Successus, Sedatus, Fortunatus, Januarius, Secundinus, Pomponius, Honoratus, Victor, Aurelius, Sattius, Petrus, another Januarius, Saturninus, another Aurelius, Venantius, Quietus, Rogatianus, Tenax, Felix, Faustinus, Quintus, another Saturninus, Lucius, Vincentius, Libosus, Geminius, Marcellus, Iambus, Adelphius, Victoricus, and Paulus, to Felix the presbyter, and to the peoples abiding at Legio and Asturica, also to Laelius the deacon, and the people abiding at Emerita, brethren in the Lord, greeting. When we had come together, dearly beloved brethren, we read your letters, which according to the integrity of your faith and your fear of God you wrote to us by Felix and Sabinus our fellow-bishops, signifying that Basilides and Martial, being stained with the certificates of idolatry, and bound with the consciousness of wicked crimes, ought not to hold the episcopate and administer the priesthood of God; and you desired an answer to be written to you again concerning these things, and your solicitude, no less just than needful, to be relieved either by the comfort or by the help of our judgment. Nevertheless to this your desire not so much our counsels as the divine precepts reply, in which it is long since bidden by the voice of Heaven and prescribed by the law of God, who and what sort of persons ought to serve the altar and to celebrate the divine sacrifices. For in Exodus God speaks to Moses, and warns him, saying, "Let the priests which come near to the Lord God sanctify themselves, lest the Lord forsake them." And again: "And when they come near to the altar of the Holy One to minister they shall not bring sin upon them, lest they die." Also in Leviticus the Lord commands and says, "Whosoever hath any spot or blemish upon him, shall not approach to offer gifts to God."Letters · Epistle 69 1:2CyprianTo Januarius and Other Numidian Bishops, on Baptizing Heretics.Letters · Epistle 69 1:4Cyprian1. Cyprian, Liberalis, Caldonius, Junius, Primus, Caecilius, Polycarp, Nicomedes, Felix, Marrutius, Successus, Lucianus, Honoratus, Fortunatus, Victor, Donatus, Lucius, Herculanus, Pomponius, Demetrius, Quintus, Saturninus Januarius, Marcus, another Saturninus, another Donatus, Rogatianus, Sedatus, Tertullus, Hortensianus, still another Saturninus, Sattius, to their brethren Januarius, Saturninus, Maximus, Victor, another Victor, Cassius, Proculus, Modianus, Cittinus, Gargilius, Eutycianus, another Gargilius, another Saturninus, Nemesianus, Nampulus, Antonianus, Rogatianus, Honoratus, greeting. When we were together in council, dearest brethren, we read your letter which you wrote to us concerning those who seem to be baptized by heretics and schismatics, (asking) whether, when the), come to the Catholic Church, which is one, they ought to be baptized. On which matter, although you yourselves hold thereupon the truth and certainty of the Catholic rule, yet since you have thought that of our mutual love we ought to be consulted, we put forward our opinion, not as a new one, but we join with you in equal agreement, in an opinion long since decreed by our predecessors, and observed by us,-judging, namely, and holding it for certain that no one can be baptized abroad outside the Church, since there is one baptism appointed in the holy Church. And it is written in the words of the Lord, "They have forsaken me, the fountain of living waters, and hewed them out broken cisterns, which can hold no water." And again, sacred Scripture warns, and says, "Keep thee from the strange water, and drink not from a fountain of strange water." It is required, then, that the water should first be cleansed and sanctified by the priest, that it may wash away by its baptism the sins of the man who is baptized; because the Lord says by Ezekiel the prophet: "Then will I sprinkle clean water upon you, and ye shall be cleansed from all your filthiness; and from all your idols will I cleanse you: a new heart also will I give you, and a new spirit will I put within you." But how can he cleanse and sanctify the water who is himself unclean, and in whom the Holy Spirit is not? since the Lord says in the book of Numbers, "And whatsoever the unclean person toucheth shall be unclean." Or how can he who baptizes give to another remission of sins who himself, being outside the Church, cannot put away his own sins?The Seventh Council of Carthage Under Cyprian 1:11CyprianJanuarius of Lambesis said: According to the authority of the Holy Scriptures, I decree that all heretics must be baptized, and so admitted into the holy Church.The Seventh Council of Carthage Under Cyprian 2:2CyprianAnother Januarius of Vicus Caesaris said: If error does not obey truth, much more truth does not consent to error; and therefore we stand by the Church in which we preside, that, claiming her baptism for herself alone, we should baptize those whom the Church has not baptized.The Seventh Council of Carthage Under Cyprian 2:13CyprianAlso another Januarius of Muzzuli said: I am surprised, since all confess that there is one baptism, that all do not perceive the unity of the same baptism. For the Church and heresy are two things, and different things. If heretics have baptism, we have it not; but if we have it, heretics cannot have it. But there is no doubt that the Church alone possesses the baptism of Christ, since she alone possesses both the grace and the truth of Christ.The Canons 9:15Council of Sardica of 343Bishop Januarius said: Let your holiness also decree this, that no bishop be allowed to try to gain for himself a minister in the church of a bishop of another city and ordain him to one of his own parishes.The Canons 9:19Council of Sardica of 343It is manifest that these two canons [xviii. of the Latin and xv. of the Greek], contain the resolution of the same case, and therefore it is that the Greeks keep only the former which contains the decree of the synod, made on Hosius's motion, the suggestion having been made by Januarius the bishop: which suggestion makes the first of these canons. [I.e. Latin canon xviij.]Defence Against the Arians · Part 1 2:38Athanasius of Alexandria50. Hosius of Spain , Julius of Rome by his Presbyters Archidamus and Philoxenus, Protogenes of Sardica, Gaudentius, Macedonius, Severus, Praetextatus, Ursicius, Lucillus, Eugenius, Vitalius, Calepodius, Florentius, Bassus, Vincentius, Stercorius, Palladius, Domitianus, Chalbis, Gerontius, Protasius, Eulogus, Porphyrius, Dioscorus, Zosimus, Januarius, Zosimus, Alexander, Eutychius, Socrates, Diodorus, Martyrius, Eutherius, Eucarpus, Athenodorus, Irenaeus, Julianus, Alypius, Jonas, Aetius, Restitutus, Marcellinus, Aprianus, Vitalius, Valens, Hermogenes, Castus, Domitianus, Fortunatius, Marcus, Anuianus, Heliodorus, Musaeus, Asterius, Paregorius, Plutarchus, Hymenaeus, Athanasius, Lucius, Amantius, Arius, Asclepius, Dionysius, Maximus, Tryphon, Alexander, Antigonus, Aelianus, Petrus, Symphorus, Musonius, Eutychus, Philologius, Spudasius, Zosimus, Patricius, Adolius, Sapricius .Letters of Athanasius · Letter 46 Letter To the Mareotis from Sardica, ad 343-4 1:6Athanasius of AlexandriaI, Athenodorus*, bishop, desire that ye may be preserved in the Lord, most beloved brethren. [Other signatures] Julian, Ammonius, Aprianus, Marcellus, Gerontius*, Porphyrius*, Zosimus, Asclepius, Appian, Eulogius, Eugenius, Liodorus (26), Martyrius, Eucarpus, Lucius*, Caloes. Maximus: by letters from the Gauls I desire that ye may be preserved in the Lord, beloved. We, Arcidamus and Philoxenus, presbyters, and Leo a deacon, from Rome, desire that ye may be preserved. I, Gaudentius, bishop of Naissus, desire that ye may be preserved in the Lord. [Also] Florentius of Meria in Pannonia, Ammianus (9), of Castellum in Pannonia, Januarius of Beneventum, Praetextatus of Narcidonum in Pannonia, Hyperneris (48) of Hypata in Thessaly, Castus of Caesaraugusta, Severus of Calcisus in Thessaly, Julian of Therae Heptapolis , Lucius of Verona, Eugenius (35) of Hecleal Cycbinae , Zosimus (92) of Lychni Sunosion in Apulia , Hermogenes of Syceon , Thryphos of Magara, Paregorius* of Caspi, Caloes (21) of Castromartis, Ireneus of Syconis, Macedonius of Lypianum, Martyrius of Naupacti, Palladius of Dius, Broseus (87) of Lu[g]dunum in Gaul, Ursacius of Brixia, Amantius of Viminacium, by the presbyter Maximus, Alexander of Gypara in Achaia, Eutychius of Mothona, Aprianus of Petavio in Pannonia, Antigonus of Pallene in Macedonia, Dometius* of Acaria Constantias, Olympius of Enorodope , Zosimus of Oreomarga, Protasius of Milan, Mark of Siscia on the Save, Eucarpus of Opûs in Achaia, Vitalis* of Vertara in Africa, Helianus of Tyrtana, Symphorus of Herapythae in Crete, Mosinius (64) of Heracla, Eucissus of Chisamus , Cydonius of Cydonia .Letters of Athanasius · Letters of Athanasius with Two Ancient Chronicles of His Life 29:12Athanasius of AlexandriaThe Festal Letters of Athanasius, Bishop of Alexandria, which he sent year by year, to the several cities and all the provinces subject to him; that is, from Pentapolis, and on to Libya, Ammoniaca, the greater and the lesser Oasis, Egypt, and Augustamnica, with the Heptanomis of the upper and middle Thebais; [commencing] from the 44th year of the Diocletian Era, in which the Paschal Festival was on xvi) Pharmuthi; xviii Kal. Mai; xviii Moon; when Alexander, his predecessor, having departed this life on xxii Pharmuthi), he [Athan.] succeeded him after the Paschal festival on xiv Pauni, Indict. i, Januarius and Justus being Consuls, the governor Zenius of Italy being the Praefect of Egypt, Epact xxv; Gods, i.Against the Donatists · Appendices 3-16. Letters and rescripts 4:4Optatus of MilevisConstantine the supreme Victor and always triumphant Emperor, to Zenuzius, Gallicus, Victorinus, Sperantius, Januarius, Felix, Crescentius, Pontius, Victor, Babbertius, Donatus, Bishops.Against the Donatists · Appendix 2. The trial before Zenophilus 3:16Optatus of Milevis'In the presence of Paul the Bishop (who remained seated), of Montanus and Victor of Deusatelium, and Memorius priests, Mars and Helius the deacons, Marcuclius, Catullinus, Silvanus and Carosus the subdeacons standing by with Januarius, Meraclus, Fructuosus, Migginis, Saturninus, Victor and the rest of the grave-diggers, Victor of Aufidus made this brief inventory against them. |354 Against the Donatists · Appendix 2. The trial before Zenophilus 19:16Optatus of MilevisThen when Januarius the subdeacon was brought in and sworn, Zenophilus said:Against the Donatists · Book 2 7:14Optatus of MilevisCatholics were slaughtered in the above-mentioned districts. You remember how your people ran to and fro from place to place. Were not Felix of Zaba and Januarius of Flumenpiscinum of your party, and the others who rushed all together as swiftly as they could, to a fortified place called Lemella ? |97 So soon as they saw that the Basilica, notwithstanding their clamours, was closed against them, they commanded their followers to climb to the top, strip the roof, and throw down the tiles. These orders were executed without delay. In the defence of the altar, a number of Catholic deacons were wounded with tiles----of whom two were killed----Primus the son of Januarius, and Donatus the son of Ninus. Your fellow-Bishops, whose names I have just given, were present and urged them on, so that, without doubt, of your party has it been said:Letters · Letters 1-10 17:22Ambrose of MilanJanuarius, Bishop, said; 'As all my brother Bishops have condemned Palladius so also do I think that he ought to be condemned by a similar judgement .' |57 Letters · Letters 1-10 20:11Ambrose of MilanARTEMIUS, ALMACHIUS, JANUARIUS, JOVINUS, MACEDONIUS, CASSIANUS, MARCELLUS, EUSTATHIUS, MAXIMUS, CHROMATIUS a Presbyter.Letters · Letters 41-50 2:17Ambrose of Milan6. Having therefore held an assembly of my clergy it became clear that their sentiments were contrary to our doctrine, that is, to the Christian law. Therefore, following the Apostolic precept, we, seeing that they were preaching another Gospel than that which we received, have excommunicated them. Know therefore that it was the unanimous sentence of us all, as well of the presbyters and deacons as |282 of the other clergy, that Jovinian, Auxentius, Genialis, Germinator, Felix, Prontinus , Martianus, Januarius, and Ingeniosus, who were discovered to be the promoters of the new heresy and blasphemy, should be condemned by the Divine sentence and our judgment, and remain in perpetual exclusion from the Church.Letters · Letters 41-50 3:10Ambrose of Milan14. Wherefore you are to know that Jovinian, Auxentius, Germinator, Felix, Plotinus, Genialis, Martianus, Januarius and Ingeniosus, whom your Holiness has condemned, have also, in accordance with your judgment, been condemned by ourselves.The Canons 33:25Council of Carthage of 419IT further seemed good that since the destitution of the Church of Hippo-Diarrhytus should no longer be neglected, and the churches there are retained by those who have declined the infamous communion of Equitius, that certain bishops be sent from the present council, viz.: Reginus, Alypius, Augustine, Maternus, Theasius, Evodius, Placian, Urban, Valerius, Ambivius, Fortunatus, Quodvultdeus, Honoratus, Januarius, Aptus, Honoratus, Ampelius, Victorian, Evangelus and Rogation; and when those had been gathered together, and those had been corrected who with culpable pertinacity were of opinion that this flight of the same Equitius should be waited for, let a bishop be ordained for them by the vote of all. But if these should not be willing to consider peace, let them not prevent the choosing for ordination of a bishop, for the advantage of the church which has been so long destitute.The Canons 54:3Council of Carthage of 419To the lord and most beloved and our honourable brother Celestine, Aurelius, Palatinus, Antony, Totus, Servusdei, Terentius, Fortunatus, Martin, Januarius, Optatus, Ceticius, Donatus, Theasius, Vincent, Fortunatian, and the rest of us, assembled at Carthage in the General Council of Africa.In Answer to the Letters of Petilian · Book 3 52:2Augustine of Hippo65. Then who is there that could fail to perceive from what a vein of conceit it proceeds, that in explaining as it were the declaration of the apostle, he says, "He who said, `I planted, Apollos watered, but God gave the increase,' surely meant nothing else than this, that `I made a man a catechumen in Christ, Apollo baptized him; God confirmed what we had done?'" Why then did not Petilianus add what the apostle added, and I especially took pains to quote, "So then neither is he that planteth anything, neither he that watereth; but God that giveth the increase"? And if he be willing to interpret this on the same principle as what he has set down above, it follows beyond all doubt, that neither is he that baptizeth anything but God that giveth the increase. For what matter does it make in reference to the question now before us, in what sense it has been said, "I planted, Apollos watered. "whether it is really to be taken as equivalent to his saying, "I made a catechumen, Apollos baptized him;" or whether there be any other truer and more congruos understanding of it?-for in the mean time, according to his own interpretation of the words, neither is he that makes the catechumen anything, neither he that baptizes, but God that gives the increase. But there is a great difference between confirming what another does, and doing anything oneself. For He who gives the increase does not confirm a tree or a vine, but creates it. For by that increase it comes to pass that even a piece of wood planted in the ground produces and establishes a root; by that increase it comes to pass that a seed cast into the earth puts forth a shoot. But why should we make a longer dissertation on this point? It is enough that, according to Petilianus himself neither he that maketh a catechumen, nor he that baptizes, is anything, but God that gives the increase. But when would Petilianus say this, so that we should understand that he meant, Neither is Donatus of Carthage anything, neither Januarius, neither Petilianus? When would the swelling of his pride permit him to say this, which now causes the man to think himself to be something, when he is nothing, deceiving himself?In Answer to the Letters of Petilian · Book 3 53:2Augustine of Hippo66. Finally, again, a little afterwards, when he resolved and was firmly purposed, as it were, to reconsider once more the words of the apostle which he had brought up against him, he was unwilling to set down this that I had said, preferring something else in which by some means or other the swelling of human pride might find means to breathe. "For to reconsider," he says, "those words of the apostle, on which you founded an argument against us; he said, `What is Apollos, what is Paul, save only ministers of Him in whom ye have believed?' What else for example, does he say to all of us than this, What is Donatus of Carthage, what is Januarius, what is Petilianus, save only ministers of Him in whom ye have believed?" I did not bring forward this passage of the apostle, but I did bring forward that which he has been unwilling to quote, "Neither he that planteth is anything, neither he that watereth; but God that giveth the increase." But Petilianus was willing to insert those words of the apostle, in which he asks what is Paul, and what is Apollos, and answers that "They are ministers of Him in whom ye have believed." This the muscles of the heretic's neck could bear; but he was wholly unable to endure the other, in which the apostle did not ask and answer what he was, but said that he was nothing. But now I am willing to ask whether it be true that the minister of Christ is nothing. Who will say so much as this? In what sense, therefore, is it true that "Neither is he that planteth anything, neither he that watereth, but God that giveth the increase," except that he who is something in one point of view may be nothing in another? For ministering and dispensing the word and sacrament he is something, but for purifying and justifying he is nothing, seeing that this is not accomplished in the inner man, except by Him by whom the whole man was created, and who while He remained God was made man,-by Him, that is, of whom it was said, "Purifying their hearts by faith;" and "To him that believeth on Him that justifieth the ungodly." And this testimony Petilianus has been willing to set forth in my words, whilst in his own he has neither handled it nor even touched it.Letters 42:5Augustine of HippoStyled also Book I. of Replies to Questions of Januarius.Letters 42:7Augustine of HippoTo His Beloved Son Januarius, Augustin Sends Greeting in the Lord.Letters 49:6Augustine of Hippoor Book II. of Replies to Questions of Januarius.Letters 93:44Augustine of HippoTo Januarius, the Catholic Clergy of the District of Hippo Send the Following.On Baptism · Book 6 14:2Augustine of Hippo20. Januarius of Lambaese said: "Following the authority of the holy Scriptures, I pronounce that all heretics should be baptized, and so admitted into the holy Church."On Baptism · Book 6 31:2Augustine of Hippo57. Another Januarius of Vicus Caesaris said: "If error does not obey truth, much more does truth refuse assent to error; and therefore we stand by the Church in which we preside, so that, claiming her baptism for herself alone, we baptize those whom the Church has not baptized."On Baptism · Book 6 42:2Augustine of Hippo79. Also another Januarius of Muzuli said: "I wonder that, while all acknowledge that there is one baptism, all do not understand the unity of the same baptism. For the Church and heresy are two distinct things. If heretics have baptism we have it not; but if we have it, heretics cannot have it. But there is no doubt that the Church alone possesses the baptism of Christ, since it alone possesses both the favor and the truth of Christ."Sermons · Sermon 355 1:8Augustine of HippoA presbyter named Januarius also came to us. What he seemed to have honorably, by distributing it, he almost spent but did not: a certain amount of money remained to him, which is silver, that he said was for his daughter. His daughter, with God's favor, is in a monastery of women, of good hope. May the Lord govern her, so that she may fulfill what we hope for her, in His mercy, not by her merits. And because she was underage and could not do anything with her money—even though we observed the brightness of her profession, we feared the mockery of her age—it was decreed that the silver itself was to be kept as if for the girl, so that when she reached legal age, she would do with it what would befit a virgin of Christ, when she could best do so. While awaiting this, he began to approach death; as long as he seemed to consider it his right, not his daughter's, he made a will. The presbyter, our colleague, I say, living with us, living off the Church, professing a communal life, made a will, appointing heirs. Oh, the sorrow of that society! Oh, the fruit born, not of the tree that the Lord planted! But he wrote the Church as an heir. I do not want these gifts; I do not love the fruit of bitterness. I sought him for God; he had professed brotherhood, he should have kept to it, he should have demonstrated it. Did he have nothing? He would not have made a will. Did he have something? He would not have pretended to be our poor comrade as if he were poor for God. This causes me great sorrow, brothers. I say to your Charity, on account of this sorrow, I have decided not to accept that inheritance for the Church. What he left belongs to his children; they may do what they wish with it. For it seems to me that if I accept it, I will be a participant in this deed, which displeases me and causes me grief. I wanted this not to remain hidden from your Charity. His daughter is in a monastery of women; his son is in a monastery of men. He disinherited them both: her with praise, him with a testimonial, that is, with blame. However, I have instructed the Church not to accept those portions that belong to the disinherited except when they reach legal age. The Church preserves this for them. Then he sent a dispute among his children, which I strive in. The girl says: It is mine; you know that my father always said so. The boy says: Believe my father, for he could not lie while dying. And what an evil is this contention! But if the boys themselves are servants of God, we quickly settle this dispute among them. I listen to them like a father, and perhaps better than their father. I will see what is between them, and as the Lord wills, with faithful and respected brothers, with God's favor, from among your number, that is, from this congregation, I will hear their cause, and as the Lord grants, I will settle it.Sermons · Sermon 355 1:9Augustine of HippoAugustine does not accept the inheritance of Januarius.Sermons · Sermon 355 1:16Augustine of HippoLet this now suffice for your Charity. What I will do with my brothers - for I hope for good that all will willingly obey me and I will not find any holding something, unless for some necessity of religion, not for the occasion of greed - what therefore I will do, after the Epiphany, I will declare to your Charity in the will of the Lord; and how I will settle the dispute between the two brothers, sons of the presbyter Januarius, I will not keep silent from you. I have spoken much, forgive the loquacity of old age, but [the] timorous infirmity. I, as you see, have now grown old through age; through bodily infirmity I have long been aged. Yet if it pleases God what I have said just now, He gives strength, I will not forsake you. Pray for me, that as much as there remains soul in this body, and whatever strength is present, I may serve you in the word of God.Sermons · Sermon 356 2:4Augustine of HippoWhat more do you seek? Unless it is because I also remember having promised to report to you what I had done between the two, namely the brother and the sister, the children of Januarius the priest, since a financial dispute had arisen between them, but yet as between siblings, with charity preserved, thanks to God's favor. I had therefore promised to hear them out and to settle, by judging, whatever the matter was. I had prepared myself as a judge: but before I could judge, they themselves settled the matter that I was to judge. I found nothing to judge, but rather something to rejoice in. They fully agreed harmoniously with my will and my advice, so that they would be equal in the money their father left behind, with the Church relinquishing it.Letters · Letter 18 To Januarius, Bishop of Aquileia 1:1Leo the GreatLetter XVIII. To Januarius, Bishop of Aquileia Letters · Letter 18 To Januarius, Bishop of Aquileia 1:2Leo the GreatLeo, bishop of the city of Rome, to Januarius, bishop of Aquileia.Life of St. Severinus · Appendix 1:11EugippiusJoannes Bolland, in Acta Sanctorum, Januarius, tom. i (Antverpiae, 1643), pp. 483-499; editio novissima, tom. i (Parisiis, etc., 1863), pp. 483-499. |119 Life of St. Severinus · Indices 13:4EugippiusJanuarius, martyr, 107, n. 3.Dialogues · Book 4 4:6Gregory the DialogistGREGORY. Sometime the soul itself by reason of the spiritual nature which it hath, doth foresee some thing which will so fall out; and sometime souls, before their departure, come to the knowledge of future things by revelation; sometime also, when they are straightways to leave the body, by heavenly inspiration they penetrate with their spiritual eyes the secrets of heaven. For that the soul, by reason of the spiritual nature which it hath, doth know things to come, certain it is, by that which happened to a certain advocate in this city, who died two days ago of a pain in his side. For a little before his death, he called for his boy, to give him his apparel, that he might rise up and walk: who, supposing him not to know what he said, refused to do what he willed him. Whereupon he rose up, put on his clothes, and said that he would go to the church of St. Sixtus, which is on the Appian way: and when not long after, his sickness increasing, he departed this life, determined it was, that his body should be buried in the church of St. Januarius the martyr, which standeth upon the way called Praenestine. But because they which had the care of his burial thought it too far off, suddenly they resolved upon a new course: and so, going forth |207 with his corpse by the Appian way, not knowing what he had said, they buried him in that church which before he had mentioned: and seeing it is well known that he was a man given to the world, and one that sought after earthly gain, how could he know that which fell out, but that the force and spiritual nature of his soul did foresee what should become of his body?Dialogues · Book 4 8:20Gregory the DialogistFor another thing also which happened in this city, the company of dyers dwelling here do testify to be most true, and it is concerning one that was the chief of their profession, who departed this life, and was by his wife buried in the church of St. Januarius the martyr, near to the gate of St. Lawrence: whose spirit the night following, in the hearing of the sexton, cried out of his grave, saying: "I burn, I burn": and when he continued a long time crying so, the sexton told it to the dyer's wife, who thereupon sent certain of his own profession to the church, to see in what case his body was in the grave, who so cried out in that pitiful manner: and when they had opened it, there they found his garments safe and sound, which be still kept in the same church, for a perpetual memory of that which happened: but his body by no means could they find, as though it had never been buried there: by which we may gather to what torments his soul was condemned, whose body was in that sort turned out of the church. What profit, then, do holy places bring to them that be buried there, when as those, that be wicked and unworthy, be by God's appointment thrown out from those sacred places?Register of Epistles · Book 1 35:3Gregory the DialogistSince we have undertaken, however undeserving, a place of government, it is our duty to succour our brethren in need, so far as our power extends. Januarius, then, our brother and fellow-bishop of the metropolitan city of Caralis ( Cagliari ), has been here in the city of Rome, and informed us that the glorious magister militum , Theodorus, who is known to have received the dukedom of the island of Sardinia, is doing many things there contrary to the commands of our most pious lords, whereby with fitting clemency and gentleness they removed many hardships of proprietors, or of citizens of their empire. Wherefore we desire you at a suitable time to represent the case to our most pious lords in accordance with what the provincials of the aforesaid island justly and reasonably demand; seeing that on a previous occasion also their sacred imperial letters were sent to the glorious Magister militum Edancius, who was in the seventh indiction duke of Sardinia, in which they ordered all these present grievances to be redressed, to the end that their commands, proceeding from the bountifulness of their piety, might be observed unshaken by dukes who might come in course of time to be in power, and that the benefit thereof might not be squandered away by administrators; that so a quiet life might be led under the clement empire of our lords, and for the ordinance which with tranquil mind they grant to their subjects they might receive multiplied compensation at the coming of the eternal judge.Register of Epistles · Book 1 42:1Gregory the DialogistEpistle LXII. To Januarius, Archbishop of Caralis (Cagliari) in Sardinia.Register of Epistles · Book 1 42:2Gregory the DialogistGregory to Januarius, &c.Register of Epistles · Book 1 43:1Gregory the DialogistEpistle LXIII. To Januarius, Bishop of Caralis ( Cagliari ) in Sardinia .Register of Epistles · Book 1 43:2Gregory the DialogistGregory to Januarius, &c.Register of Epistles · Book 11 5:2Gregory the DialogistTO Januarius , Bishop OF Caralis (Cagliari ).Register of Epistles · Book 11 5:3Gregory the DialogistGregory to Januarius, &c.Register of Epistles · Book 14 2:4Gregory the DialogistFrom the information given us by thy Experience we find that the hospitals [or guest-houses, xenodochia] rounded in Sardinia are suffering from grievous neglect. Hence our most reverend brother and fellow-bishop Januarius would have had to be most strongly reprehended, did not his old age and simplicity, and the sickness which thou hast told us of coming on besides, keep us in check.Register of Epistles · Book 14 2:7Gregory the DialogistMoreover, with regard to the Churches which thou hast informed us are without priests , we have written to our aforesaid most reverend brother and fellow-bishop Januarius, that he should supply them; yet so that all be not chosen for the episcopate from his own Church. For it becomes him so to supply other Churches as not to cause want in his own of persons who may be of advantage to it.Register of Epistles · Book 14 2:11Gregory the DialogistConcerning what thou hast written about our brother and fellow-bishop Januarius at the time when he celebrates the sacrifice often suffering such distress that he can hardly after long intervals return to the place in the canon where he has left off, and as to many doubting whether they should receive the Communion from his consecration, they are to be admonished to be in no alarm at all, but communicate with full faith and security, since a person's sickness neither alters nor defiles the benediction of the sacred mystery. Nevertheless our said brother should by all means be exhorted privately, that, as often as he feels any trouble coming on, he should not proceed to celebration, lest he thus expose himself to contempt, and cause offence to the minds of the weak.Register of Epistles · Book 14 2:12Gregory the DialogistFurthermore, the religious lady Pomponiana has complained to us that the inheritance of her late son-in-law Epiphanius-of which the said Epiphanius had appointed his wife Matrona, daughter of the aforesaid Pomponiana, to be usufructuary for the benefit of the monastery which he had directed to be founded in his house, and for its benefit also in all ways after the extinction of the usufruct-together with other things which are proved to belong to the same Matrona by right of possession, have been unjustly taken away by thy Experience and by our most reverend brother and fellow-bishop Januarius, and that nothing therefore has so far been paid to her daughter, or been of profit to the monastery. Now if the truth is so, and thou art aware of having done anything unbecomingly, without any delay restore what has been taken away; or at any rate, if thou thinkest it to be otherwise lest the opposite party should seem to be aggrieved prejudicially, by no means defer submitting the case to arbitrators chosen with her concurrence, that it may be declared by a definite decision whether her complaint be true and just.Register of Epistles · Book 2 28:1Gregory the DialogistEpistle XLIX. To Januarius, Archbishop.Register of Epistles · Book 2 28:2Gregory the DialogistGregory to Januarius, archbishop of Caralis (Cagliari ).Register of Epistles · Book 3 20:3Gregory the DialogistCertain serious matters having come to our ears which require canonical correction, we therefore charge thy Experience not to neglect to cause Januarius, our brother and fellow-bishop, together with John the notary, to appear before us with all speed, all excuses being laid aside, that in his presence what has been reported to us may be subjected to a thorough investigation. Further, if the religious women Pompeiana and Theodosia, according to their request, should wish to come hither, afford them your succour in all ways, that they may be able, through your assistance, to accomplish their desires: but especially be careful by all means to bring with you the most eloquent Isidore, as he has requested, that, the merits of his case which he is known to have against the Church of Caralis having been fully gone into, he may be able to have it legally terminated.Register of Epistles · Book 4 9:1Gregory the DialogistEpistle VIII. To Januarius, Bishop.Register of Epistles · Book 4 9:2Gregory the DialogistGregory to Januarius, Bishop of Caralis (Cagliari ).Register of Epistles · Book 4 10:1Gregory the DialogistEpistle IX. To Januarius, Bishop.Register of Epistles · Book 4 10:2Gregory the DialogistGregory to Januarius, Bishop of Caralis (Cagliari ).Register of Epistles · Book 4 13:1Gregory the DialogistEpistle XV to Januarius, Bishop.Register of Epistles · Book 4 13:2Gregory the DialogistGregory to Januarius, Bishop of Caralis (Cagliari ).Register of Epistles · Book 4 20:1Gregory the DialogistEpistle XXVI, to Januarius, Bishop.Register of Epistles · Book 4 20:2Gregory the DialogistGregory to Januarius, Bishop of Caralis (Cagliari ).Register of Epistles · Book 4 21:1Gregory the DialogistEpistle XXVII. To Januarius, Bishop.Register of Epistles · Book 4 21:2Gregory the DialogistGregory to Januarius, Bishop of Caralis (Cagliari ).Register of Epistles · Book 4 22:1Gregory the DialogistEpistle XXIX. To Januarius, Bishop.Register of Epistles · Book 4 22:2Gregory the DialogistGregory to Januarius, Bishop of Caralis (Cagliari ).Register of Epistles · Book 5 2:3Gregory the DialogistThe tenor of the report submitted to you sufficiently explains the complaint of the religious lady Theodosia, in which we have found on reading it many heads of accusation, not befitting priestly gentleness, against our brother and fellow-bishop Januarius; so much so that, after the foundation by her of a monastery for servants of God, all that pertains to avarice, turbulence, and wrong is said to have been exhibited at the time of the very dedication of the oratory. Wherefore, if the case is as we find in her aforesaid representation, and if you are aware that anything at all unbecoming has been committed besides, we exhort you that, all wrongs having first been redressed, you press upon Musicus, the abbot of the monastery of Agilitanus , that he lose no time in giving the greatest attention to his monks whom he had began to settle there, to the end that, this venerable place being with the Lord's help set in order by you in a decent and regular manner, neither may we be disturbed by the frequent complaints of the aforesaid religious lady that her good desires are not fulfilled, nor may it be to the detriment of your soul that so pious a design should languish, as we do not believe it will, through any neglect of yours.Register of Epistles · Book 9 2:2Gregory the DialogistTO Januarius , Bishop OF Caralis (Cagliari).Register of Epistles · Book 9 2:3Gregory the DialogistGregory to Januarius, &c.Register of Epistles · Book 9 3:4Gregory the DialogistWhat we have learnt about our brother the bishop Januarius the bearers of these presents, as well as the copies of our letters, will sufficiently inform you; and so let thy Experience judiciously carry into effect the excommunication which we have decreed to be pronounced on his perverse counsellors, that they may learn by falling not to walk unwarily.Register of Epistles · Book 9 4:2Gregory the DialogistTO Januarius , Bishop OF Caralis (Cagliari).Register of Epistles · Book 9 4:3Gregory the DialogistGregory to Januarius, &c.Register of Epistles · Book 9 5:2Gregory the DialogistTO Januarius , Bishop OF Caralis (Cagliari).Register of Epistles · Book 9 5:3Gregory the DialogistGregory to Januarius, a Bishop of Sardinia.Register of Epistles · Book 9 7:2Gregory the DialogistTO Januarius , Bishop OF Caralis (Cagliari).Register of Epistles · Book 9 7:3Gregory the DialogistGregory to Januarius, &c.Register of Epistles · Book 9 8:2Gregory the DialogistTO Januarius , Bishop OF Caralis (Cagliari).Register of Epistles · Book 9 8:3Gregory the DialogistGregory to Januarius, &c.Register of Epistles · Book 9 33:2Gregory the DialogistTO Januarius , Bishop OF Caralis (Cagliari).Register of Epistles · Book 9 33:3Gregory the DialogistGregory to Januarius, Bishop of Sardinia.Commentary on John · Chapter 5 3:18Bonaventure2. To what is asked — why does it have ceremony more closely joined to it? — Augustine responds, in his letter to Januarius, that it is the precept of love, because the third precept regards the third Person in the Trinity, and love is commanded therein. Therefore, to show that all ceremonial observances are to be referred to the love of God and neighbor and are to be explained toward that end, he joined ceremonial observance to the commandment of love. — Another reason can be given: that in the commandment of love the other commandments are directed and fulfilled.TREATISE ON LAW · Question 107 2:22Thomas AquinasI answer that, A twofold difficult may attach to works of virtue with which the precepts of the Law are concerned. One is on the part of the outward works, which of themselves are, in a way, difficult and burdensome. And in this respect the Old Law is a much heavier burden than the New: since the Old Law by its numerous ceremonies prescribed many more outward acts than the New Law, which, in the teaching of Christ and the apostles, added very few precepts to those of the natural law; although afterwards some were added, through being instituted by the holy Fathers. Even in these Augustine says that moderation should be observed, lest good conduct should become a burden to the faithful. For he says in reply to the queries of Januarius (Ep. lv) that, "whereas God in His mercy wished religion to be a free service rendered by the public solemnization of a small number of most manifest sacraments, certain persons make it a slave's burden; so much so that the state of the Jews who were subject to the sacraments of the Law, and not to the presumptuous devices of man, was more tolerable."TREATISE ON THE SACRAMENTS · Question 72 5:20Thomas AquinasObjection 1: It seems that not only a bishop can confer this sacrament. For Gregory (Regist. iv), writing to Bishop Januarius, says: "We hear that some were scandalized because we forbade priests to anoint with chrism those who have been baptized. Yet in doing this we followed the ancient custom of our Church: but if this trouble some so very much we permit priests, where no bishop is to be had, to anoint the baptized on the forehead with chrism." But that which is essential to the sacraments should not be changed for the purpose of avoiding scandal. Therefore it seems that it is not essential to this sacrament that it be conferred by a bishop.Avodah Zarah 1:15Talmud YerushalmiRebbi Joḥanan does not say so, but the empire of Egypt and the empire of Rome were fighting with one another. They said, how long are we killing one another in this war [Greek πόλεμος.] ? Let us institute the rule that the empire should be preeminent which will tell its army commander, fall on your sword, and he will obey. The Egyptian did not obey. In Rome there was an old man by the name of Januarius who had twelve sons. They told him, if you obey us we shall make your sons dukes [Latin dux, pl. duces.] , eparchoi [Greek ἔπαρχος “governor, prefect.”] , and generals [Greek στρατηλάτης.] . He listened to them. Therefore, it is called Calendae Januarii. The next day they mourn him, a black day [Greek μέλαινα ἡμέρα, translation of Latin dies ater, a black (unlucky) day. Dies postridiani, following calendae, ides, or nonae, were considered inauspicious.] . Rebbi Yudan from Antodra [Or Antondra, Antorda; cf. Berakhot4:1 Note 72.] said, if one sows lentils [A symbol of mourning, Gen. rabba63(19).] on that day, they will not succeed.Apologia 7:172Apologia pro Vita Sua"Such then is the answer I make to those who would urge against us the multitude of miracles recorded in our Saints' Lives and devotional works, for many of which there is little evidence, and for some next to none. We think them true in the same sense in which Protestants think the history of England true. When they say that, they do not mean to say that there are no mistakes, but no mistakes of consequence, none which alter the general course of history. Nor do they mean they are equally sure of every part; for evidence is fuller and better for some things than for others. They do not stake their credit on the truth of Froissart or Sully, they do not pledge themselves for the accuracy of Doddington or Walpole, they do not embrace as an Evangelist Hume, Sharon Turner, or Macaulay. And yet they do not think it necessary, on the other hand, to commence a religious war against all our historical catechisms, and abstracts, and dictionaries, and tales, and biographies, through the country; they have no call on them to amend and expurgate books of archaeology, antiquities, heraldry, architecture, geography, and statistics, to re-write our inscriptions, and to establish a censorship on all new publications for the time to come. And so as regards the miracles of the Catholic Church; if, indeed, miracles never can occur, then, indeed, impute the narratives to fraud; but till you prove they are not likely, we shall consider the histories which have come down to us true on the whole, though in particular cases they may be exaggerated or unfounded. Where, indeed, they can certainly be proved to be false, there we shall be bound to do our best to get rid of them; but till that is clear, we shall be liberal enough to allow others to use their private judgment in their favour, as we use ours in their disparagement. For myself, lest I appear in any way to be shrinking from a determinate judgment on the claims of some of those miracles and relics, which Protestants are so startled at, and to be hiding particular questions in what is vague and general, I will avow distinctly, that, putting out of the question the hypothesis of unknown laws of nature (which is an evasion from the force of any proof), I think it impossible to withstand the evidence which is brought for the liquefaction of the blood of St. Januarius at Naples, and for the motion of the eyes of the pictures of the Madonna in the Roman States. I see no reason to doubt the material of the Lombard crown at Monza; and I do not see why the Holy Coat at Treves may not have been what it professes to be. I firmly believe that portions of the True Cross are at Rome and elsewhere, that the Crib of Bethlehem is at Rome, and the bodies of St. Peter and St. Paul also.... Many men when they hear an educated man so speak, will at once impute the avowal to insanity, or to an idiosyncrasy, or to imbecility of mind, or to decrepitude of powers, or to fanaticism, or to hypocrisy. They have a right to say so, if they will; and we have a right to ask them why they do not say it of those who bow down before the Mystery of mysteries, the Divine Incarnation?"January 7:5The Roman MartyrologyIn the city of Heraclea, the holy martyrs Felix and Januarius.January 19:5The Roman MartyrologyIn Africa, the holy martyrs Paul, Gerontius, Januarius, Saturninus, Successus, Julius, Catus, Pia, and Germana, (and others to the number in all of 600.)April 8:3The Roman MartyrologyIn Africa, the holy martyrs Januarius, Maxima, and Macaria.April 29:5The Roman MartyrologyOn the same day, the seven Saints who had been robbers but were converted to Christ by holy Jason, and by martyrdom gained life everlasting, [in the year 100. They are called the robbers of Corfu. Their names are Saturninus, Jusischolus, Faustian, Januarius, Marsalius, Euphrasius, and Mammius.]July 10:2The Roman MartyrologyAt Rome, under Publius, Prefect of the City, in the time of the Emperor Antonine, seven holy Brethren, the sons of the holy martyr Felicity. Their names were Januarius, Felix, Philip, Silvanus, Alexander, Vitalis, and Martial. Januarius was first beaten with rods and starved, but in the end hided to death with scourges loaded with lead. Felix and Philip were beaten to death with clubs. Silvanus was killed by being cast over a steep place. Alexander, Vitalis, and Martial were beheaded.July 10:4The Roman MartyrologyIn Africa, the holy martyrs Januarius, Marinus, Nabor, and Felix, who were all beheaded.July 15:5The Roman MartyrologyAt Carthage, the blessed Deacon Catulinus, in praise of whom holy Augustine preached a sermon to the people, and the holy martyrs Januarius, Florence, Julia, and Justa, who were buried in the Basilica of Faustus.July 11:4The Roman MartyrologyAt Nicopolis, in Armenia, [in the fourth century,] the holy martyrs Januarius and Pelagia, who finished their testimony after having been tormented for four days with the rack, with hooks, and with potsherds.August 6:3The Roman MartyrologyAt Rome, in the cemetery of Callistus, upon the Appian Way, [in the year 258,] the blessed Pope and martyr Sixtus II, who received the crown of martyrdom by the sword in the persecution under Valerian. Likewise the holy martyrs Felicissimus and Agapitus, deacons of the aforesaid blessed Xystus, and his subdeacons Januarius, Magnus, Vincent, and Stephen, who were all beheaded along with him, and were buried in the cemetery of Pretextatus. Along with them suffered also the blessed Quartus, as is written by holy Cyprian.September 23:4The Roman MartyrologyIn Campania is made commemoration of the blessed Sosius, Deacon of the Church of Miseno. One while when he was reading the Gospel in the church, the holy Bishop Januarius saw flames rising from his head, and foretold that he would be a martyr. Neither was it many days afterward, when, being himself of the age of thirty years, he was beheaded along with the said Bishop, and so received martyrdom.September 19:2The Roman MartyrologyAt Pozzuoli, in Campania, the holy martyrs Januarius, Bishop of Benevento, Festus his Deacon, and Desiderius his Reader, Sosius, a Deacon of the Church of Miseno, Proculus, a Deacon of Pozzuoli, (and two laymen named respectively) Eutyches and Acutius, who were chained and imprisoned, and at length beheaded, under the Emperor Diocletian. The body of the holy Januarius was carried to Naples, and honourably buried in the church there, where also is still kept in a glass phial some of the blood of this most blessed martyr, which is seen to melt and bubble, as though it were fresh, when it is put in sight of his head.