169. Or more strictly speaking, of Beraea, a neighbouring town, which was also his episcopal see. See chap. 8 and 19 of this book; and for a further account of Demophilus, see the extract from Suidas subjoined to the end of this volume.
170. See Socrates, Eccl. Hist. b. iv. ch. 19; and Sozomen, Eccl. Hist. b. vi. ch. 35.
171. This date is confirmed by the testimony of Ammianus Marcellinus. Valentinian the younger, then, was born A. D. 371. This Valentinian, son of the elder Valentinian, is not to be confounded with another Valentinian, the son of Valens.
172. Philostorgius is unsupported in this statement. This is probably one of his intentional calumnies against, Gratian, whom he hated intensely, to judge at least from below, b. viii. ch. 8, and b. x. ch. 5. Concerning the death of Valentinian the elder, see Socrates, Eccl. Hist. b. iv. ch. 31, and Sozomen, Eccl. Hist. b. vi. ch. 36.
173. The chain of the Ural.
174. For further particulars concerning the death of the emperor Valens, the reader is referred to Fleury's Eccl. Hist. b. xvii. ch. 37. Compare Socrates, Eccl. Hist. b. iv. ch. last, and Sozomen, Eccl. Hist. b. vi. ch. last, and Theodoret, b. iv. ch. 36.
175. Now known as the Ebro.
176. Philostorgius is mistaken here. Theodosius was proclaimed emperor at Sirmium, but it was in Macedonia that he met and routed the Goths after his promotion to the purple. Philostorgius is right in asserting that he was already emperor at the time that he gained this victory; though the contrary is asserted by Theodoret, Eccl. Hist. b. v. ch. 5. Having put the barbarians to flight, Theodosius came to Constantinople, and immediately restored the churches to the orthodox party, towards the close of the year A. D. 380. Gothofred.
177. metewrole/sxai , " qui in nubibus garriunt." So also his enemies at Athens termed Socrates a metewrofrontisth&j . See Aristophanes, Nubes, passim. See also above, note on b. ix. ch. 3.
178. On this subject the reader will do well to consult Sozomen, Eccl. Hist. b. iv. ch. 24.
179. It is necessary here to adopt the emendation of Valesius, tw~| gennh&santi mo&nw| . Compare Theodoret, Eccl. Hist. b. ii. ch. 21, ou[ th_n gennhsin ou0dei\j oi]den ei0 mh_ o9 gennh&saj au0to_n pa&thr .
180. o9moou&sion . The emendation of Valesius for o9moiou&sion .
181. The same thing is predicated of the Arian party by Athanasius, in his Epist. ad Orthodoxos, and Epist. ad Solitarios.
182. Compare Socrates, Eccl. Hist. p. 252, (fol. ed.) note a.
183. Arcadius was proclaimed Augustus A. D. 383. See Socrates, Eccl. Hist. p. 272, note b. Gratian was killed the same year. Ibid. p. 277, note b.
184. Compare Socrates, Eccl. Hist. b. v. ch. 20, and Sozomen, Eccl. Hist. b. vii. ch. 17. The place was otherwise known as Salmyris.
185. a0lfo&j . Lat . "Vitiligo." Compare Rufinus, Eccl. Hist. b. x. ch. 25, interius exteriusque morbo regio corruptus. Compare Gregory Nyssen, Contra Eunomium, b. i.
186. Or, more correctly, Flacilla, which was the name of the wife of Theodosius, as spelt upon ancient coins, and by Gregory of Nyssa.
187. See above, b. iii. ch. 28, and Theodoret, Eccl. Hist. b. v. ch. 19.
188. Compare Theodoret, Eccl. Hist. b. v. ch. 12--15.
189. Concerning this journey of Theodosius to Rome, see Socrates, Eccl. Hist. b. v. ch. 14; Sozomen, Eccl. Hist. b. vii. ch. 14.
190. Concerning this star see below, ch. 11, and b. xi. ch. 7.
191. That is, considering the fact that they were monstrous.
192. See Socrates, Eccl. Hist. p. 295, note b.
193. See Fleury's Eccl. Hist. b. xvii. ch. 23. He published an edict in favour of the Arians in the following terms : "We give leave to all those to assemble whose opinions are conformable to the exposition of faith which was subscribed to under Constantius in the council of Rimini by the bishops of the whole Roman empire assembled, even by those who are now against it, and which was confirmed at Constantinople. Those, likewise, shall be at liberty to assemble to whom we have given leave, that is to say, the Catholics: but let them know that if they cause any disturbance in opposition to our statute, they shall be punished with death as authors of sedition, disturbers of the peace of the church, and as guilty of high treason. Those, likewise, shall be subject to the same punishment, who attempt openly or in private to make any resistance against this present decree.'' Fleury, Eccl. Hist. b. xviii. ch. 43. It would seem that the young emperor was deservedly popular : he is said to have been beloved by all men, and to have profited much by the instruction and example of Theodosius. He had a complete mastery over his passions and appetites, young as he was; and no one, during his reign, was in fear of false accusation or unjust trials. He died beloved by the Romans and respected by the barbarians.