145. See Theodoret, Eccl. Hist. b. iv. ch. 5.
146. It is doubtful whether or not this Secundus is the same with the person elsewhere mentioned as prefect, under the name of Sallust.
147. Hence we find constantly in the annals of this period the phrase "imperator levatus" and "renunciatus."
148. That is, as Augustus. See Gibbon's Decline and Fall, ch. 13.
149. See Socrates, Eccl. Hist. b. vii. ch. 15.
150. It is not true that he actually "denied" the doctrine of the resurrection, like the Sadducees of old; but. it is certain that he taught such strange doctrines as these concerning it; that at the resurrection the dead would return to the old law, and to circumcision, and the temple, and all other Jewish rites and ceremonies, for a thousand years. This we learn from Basil the Great, Epist. 74. Compare Socrates, Eccl. Hist. b. ii. ch. 46.
151. Philostorgius enters minutely into the speeches and acts of Eudoxius and Euzoius against Aetius and Eunomius, for the purpose of showing more clearly the perfidiousness of their conduct, and lay at their doors the blame of the schism, because Eunomius seceded from Eudoxius, because the latter would not accept of Aetius as his teacher and master. Concerning Aetius. see Socrates, Eccl. Hist. b. ii. ch. 35; Sozomen, Eccl. Hist. b. iv. ch. 13; Theodoret, Eccl. Hist. b. ii. ch. 27.
152. See above, b. vii. ch. 6.
153. Ai0qi/opa . See above, note on b. ii. ch. 6.
154. ou0ranoba&tai . Valesius suggests ou0ranoboskoi , "qui in coelis pascua habent." So Socrates is derided in the "Clouds" of Aristophanes, as Metewrofrontisth&j . So also we find the word metewrole/sxai used below, b. x. ch. 1.
155. i9erourgi/a . As Valesius observes, this is generally the ecclesiastical signification of the term ; though Philostorgius below (ch. 10) uses it for "ordination." Gothofred, in accordance with his own peculiar views, refers it to handling the sacred vessels. Compare Eusebius, Life of Constantine, b. iv. ch. 45. Qusi/aij a0nai/moij kai\ mustikai~j i9erourgi/aij to_ qei~on i9la&s konto . " They propitiated the deity with unbloody sacrifices and the mystic oblation."
156. Against the chronology of Philostorgius here, it should be mentioned that Gothofred considers that Procopius made his attempt A. D. 365.
157. Concerning Procopius himself, see Socrates, Eccl. Hist. b. iv. ch. 3, and Sozomen, Eccl. Hist. b. vi. ch. 8.
158. The place to which Aetius had sailed on leaving Constantinople. See above, ch. 4.
159. Or rather of Pannonia, which is a province of Illyria. This city was the scene of the victory over the tyrant Magnentius.
160. This Valens was condemned at Rome by Damasus, the then pope, A. D. 369.
161. Concerning Eugenius, see Sozomen, Eccl. Hist. p. 139, note 1. Concerning the date of Eudoxius' death, see Socrates, Eccl. Hist, p. 230, note 2.
162. It is to be observed that the election of bishops, and especially of the patriarchal sees, was generally referred to the emperor for confirmation after the time of Constantine. See the instance given above (b. ii. ch. 11) of the election of Athanasius. Patriarchs were elected in a synod of the bishops of their suffragan sees.
163. At this period the celibacy of the clergy was partially established. Valesius remarks, however, that this Anysius might have lost his wife before taking holy orders.
164. This was the general cry of the people at the election of a bishop. Compare the account given of the election of Fabianus to the see of Rome by Eusebius, Eccl. Hist. b. vi. ch. 29.
165. Concerning this Modestus, see Socrates, Eccl. Hist. p. 231, note a.
166. This Dorotheus was bishop of Heraclea in Thrace, the same who consecrated Demophilus to the see of Constantinople. See above,
ch. 10. He succeeded to the see of Heraclea on the death of Hypatianus under Valens.
167. "Anomaeus." Gr. a0nomoioj . No single term can be invented which will be an exact equivalent for this word. It means one who denies that the Son is of like substance to the Father.
168. The same as Theodore. The two names are constantly interchanged by Philostorgius, as above, ch. 10. See also Socrates, Eccl. Hist. b. iv. ch. 35; and Sozomen, Eccl. Hist. b. vi. ch. 37, and b. vii. ch. 14.