1 But you, O God, are gracious and true, patience, and in mercy ordering all things,
Vigilius of Thapsus · AD 484 On common truth. True Father, true Son, true Holy Spirit. Of the Father in Solomon: For our God, are kind and true: For to know you is complete righteousness (Wis. 15:1, 3). Of the Son in John: That we may be in his true Son Jesus Christ; this is the true God, and eternal life (1 Jn. 5:20).
Rabanus Maurus · AD 856 Our God is gentle, for His love is indescribable. He is true, because He deceives no one and is deceived by no one. Patient and in mercy arranging all things; for because of His goodness He patiently endures us, waiting for us to turn for the better. Not wishing anyone to perish, but that all may be saved and come to the knowledge of the truth. (1 Tim.
Bonaventure · AD 1257 Third, it treats of the commendation of the true God. But you, our God etc. After he showed the error of idolaters and the detestation of idols, here he adds the commendation of the true God.
2 For if we sin, we are yours, knowing your power: but we will not sin, knowing that we are counted yours.
Augustine of Hippo · AD 430 Do we not see how the Israelites got to their own hurt what their guilty lusting craved? For while it was raining manna on them from heaven, they desired to have flesh to eat. (Num.
Bonaventure · AD 1257 Second, he is commended from the remuneration of those believing in him. For indeed etc. Here he is shown to be commendable from the remuneration of believers: and first he shows that those sinning are subject to God. Second, that those not sinning are acceptable to God: And if we have not sinned etc.
3 For to know you is perfect righteousness: yes, to know your power is the root of immortality.
Bonaventure · AD 1257 Concerning the last knowledge, namely concerning glorious knowledge, I shall say one word. It is said of it in the book of Wisdom: "To know you is supreme justice"; it follows: "and is the root of immortality." This knowledge is initiated in those who contemplate, perpetuated in those who sleep, and consummated in those who rise again.
4 For neither did the mischievous invention of men deceive us, nor an image spotted with various colors, the painter’s fruitless labor;
Rabanus Maurus · AD 856 He speaks from the perspective of the faithful, who, fortified by the grace of God, in no way wish to involve themselves in the wickedness of the pagans, nor do they deem it worthy to imitate the errors they have in idolatry and various crimes, because such labor is without the fruit of righteousness; indeed, it deserves eternal death.
Bonaventure · AD 1257 Not for etc. I have well said: because we are accounted with you, we, and not others, namely idolaters: not for into error, namely of idolatry, which is the chief error, did lead us, namely as it did others, concerning whom above in the fourteenth chapter: "Moreover, the exquisite diligence of the craftsman promoted even those who were ignorant to the worship of these things";…
5 The sight of which entices fools to lust after it, and so they desire the form of a dead image, that has no breath.
Bonaventure · AD 1257 Whose appearance to the senseless one, that is, to the unbeliever, gives desire, namely by occasioning incitement to evil: Ecclesiasticus 34: "Vain hope and falsehood to the senseless man." And he loves the effigy of a dead image without a soul: he loves, I say, the effigy, that is, the figure, worshiping it as God, of a dead image, that is, one lacking the act of life, and thi…
6 Both they that make them, they that desire them, and they that worship them, are lovers of evil things, and are worthy to have such things to trust upon.
Rabanus Maurus · AD 856 Not only those who fabricate idols are criminals and traitors, but also those who love and worship them, putting their hope in them, since not only those who do evil deserve death but also those who agree with them. The psalmist shows the condition of those who put their hope in idols, "The idols of the nations are of silver and gold, the work of human hands.
Bonaventure · AD 1257 Of evils etc., and deservedly, he did not lead us, because lovers of evil things, namely of idols and of sins arising from idols, are worthy of death, namely eternal and temporal: Romans 1: "Those who do such things are worthy of death." Who have hope in such things, namely idols, namely by invoking their help: Isaiah 42: "Let those who trust in a graven image be confounded wit…
7 For the potter, tempering soft earth, fashions every vessel with much labor for our service: yes, of the same clay he makes both the vessels that serve for clean uses, and likewise also all such as serve to the contrary: but what is the use of either sort, the potter himself is the judge.
Rabanus Maurus · AD 856 Previously, he had spoken about those who had made idols from wood or stones or certain metals; now he also speaks about those who, following the same vanity in the craft of the potter, are shown to be equally guilty through a similar error.
Bonaventure · AD 1257 Third, God is commended from the vileness of idols in two ways. But also the potter. Here it is shown that the true God is commendable from the vileness of idols: this vileness he shows first from the vileness of the material; second, from the vileness of the craftsman: And with labor.
8 And employing his labors lewdly, he makes a vain god of the same clay, even he which a little before was made of earth himself, and within a little while after returns to the same, out when his life which was lent him shall be demanded.
Bonaventure · AD 1257 And with vain labor, that is, fruitless; Jeremiah 51: "Their works are vain and worthy of derision"; he fashions a god from the same clay: a similar thing is said in Isaiah 44 concerning wooden idols, that part is burned for human uses, and part is worshipped as a god.
9 However his care is, not that he shall have much labor, nor that his life is short: but strives to excel goldsmiths and silversmiths, and endeavors to do like the workers in bronze, and counts it his glory to make counterfeit things.
Bonaventure · AD 1257 But he has a care, although, namely, his labor is vain, not because he is going to labor, and in vain, about which he ought rather to be concerned; he is going to labor even wickedly, according to that passage in Jeremiah 9: "They labored to act wickedly".
10 His heart is ashes, his hope is more vile than earth, and his life of less value than clay:
Bonaventure · AD 1257 For ashes is etc., as if to say: thus he glories: for, in place of "but"; or thus: thus he glories, which nevertheless he ought not to do; for, in place of "because": ashes, that is, a vile thing, is, as it were, ashes is his heart, that is, his thought, because in ash and dust, from which he fashions his god, he sets his heart: Ecclesiasticus 10, "Why does earth and ashes prid…
11 Since he knew not his Maker, and him that inspired into him an active soul, and breathed in a living spirit.
Methodius of Olympus · AD 311 Perhaps someone among people, having little discernment and lacking in wisdom, might be able to convince them that the garment of the soul, that is, this body of flesh generated by human beings, is formed on its own impetus, outside of God's decision. He will certainly not be believed if he teaches that the substance of the soul is sown together with the mortal body.
Bonaventure · AD 1257 Because he did not know, namely with that ignorance concerning which 1 Corinthians 14: "He who is ignorant shall be ignored"; him who formed him, that is, God, who made him from the clay of the earth as regards the body: in the Psalm: "He himself knew our formation"; and who breathed into him a soul, according to that passage in Genesis 2: "He breathed into his face the breath…
12 But they counted our life a pastime, and our time here a market for gain: for, say they, we must be getting every way, though it be by evil means.
Bonaventure · AD 1257 But they also reckoned: thus I said, that they did not know God, but rather they reckoned, namely the fabricators of idols, our life, namely natural life, to be a game, namely of wantonness, like those concerning whom Exodus 32: "The people sat down to eat and drink"; Job 21: "He holds the timbrel and the harp." To be a game etc., he says this because to make and worship idols…
13 For this man, that of earthly matter makes brittle vessels and carved images, knows himself to offend above all others.
Rabanus Maurus · AD 856 Heretics have no excuse, for they sin knowingly, when they refuse to follow the holy and catholic teachers in right faith and sound doctrine, but according to their own perverse inventions, they choose rather an earthly and fragile understanding than to strive for a spiritual and heavenly one in their dogmas. For all fools are excessively proud in their souls.
Bonaventure · AD 1257 For he etc., as if to say: and truly those who make idols acquire from evil; for he knows that he, above all others, namely the other makers of idols, offends: he, I say, who from earthly material, which is of lesser worth, fashions fragile vessels on the one hand, and graven images, that is, idols, on the other hand from his material.
14 And all the enemies of your people, that hold them in subjection, are most foolish, and are more miserable than very babes.
Rabanus Maurus · AD 856 Indeed, the proud enemies of the people of God and all enemies of justice, although they may seem to rule on earth for a time, yet because they are foolish, they consider the senseless idols of the nations to be gods, which have neither sight, nor hearing, nor touch, nor any sense of life; they are most unhappy, awaiting the destruction of their souls in Gehenna, where there wi…
Bonaventure · AD 1257 Fourth, God is commended from the foolishness of idolaters. For all. Here it is shown that the true God is commendable from the foolishness of idolaters, and first, from the foolishness of idolaters who worship inanimate things, namely statues; second, of those who worship animate things: But also animals.
15 For they counted all the idols of the pagans to be gods: which neither have the use of eyes to see, nor noses to draw breath, nor ears to hear, nor fingers of hands to handle; and as for their feet, they are slow to go.
Bonaventure · AD 1257 Because all the idols etc., as if to say: this whole thing is evil, because all etc. Or thus: I have rightly said that foolish and unhappy, proud beyond the measure of their soul etc.: because all the idols of the nations, that is, of the gentiles not reborn through faith, but remaining in the vice of their birth, they esteemed as gods: thus did the Romans, namely by bringing a…
16 For man made them, and he that borrowed his own spirit fashioned them: but no man can make a god like to himself.
Bonaventure · AD 1257 For a man, whose it is not to give sense and motion, made them, he did not beget them from his own substance, but fashioned them from extrinsic matter; and he who has borrowed a spirit, namely one to be returned to God, whenever it shall please Him; Ecclesiastes, last chapter: "And the spirit shall return to God, who gave it." he fashioned them, that is, he made them from clay.…
17 For being mortal, he works a dead thing with wicked hands: for he himself is better than the things which he worships: whereas he lived once, but they never.
Ambrosiaster · AD 384 "And they exchanged the glory of the incorruptible God for the likeness of the image of corruptible human beings." Their heart was darkened to such a degree that they transferred the majesty of the invisible God, whom they knew from these works, not to human beings but, a worse and unpardonable crime, to the likeness of human beings.
Rabanus Maurus · AD 856 For man is better than idols according to the reason of his creation, because he himself lives and understands, but they never do.
Bonaventure · AD 1257 For since he is mortal, having a mortal life, a dead thing, that is, one lacking life, he fashions with wicked hands: in the Psalm: "In whose hands are iniquities." But mortal is better than dead, according to that saying of Ecclesiastes 9: "A living dog is better than a dead lion." And I said well that no one can make something like himself etc.: for he himself is better, name…
18 Yes, they worshipped those living creatures also that are most hateful: for being compared together, some are worse than others.
Rabanus Maurus · AD 856 Miserable paganism not only worshipped the human form shaped in insensible things as a deity, but also perversely adored the forms of other animals, nor did it have a just discernment in any matter.
Bonaventure · AD 1257 But even animals etc. Here is shown the reproof of those who worship animate things: and first they are shown to be miserable in themselves: second, somewhat excusable in comparison to the preceding: Senseless etc.: third, simply inexcusable: But neither in appearance etc.
19 Neither are they beautiful, so much as to be desired in respect of beasts: but they went without the praise of God and his blessing.
Bonaventure · AD 1257 But not even by sight etc. Thus it has been said that idols neither hear nor see anything nor know anything: and not only do they see nothing, but not even by sight can any of these animals discern good things.