1 A maskil of Ethan the Ezrahite. Of the acts of loyal love of the LORD I will sing forever; to generation and generation I will make known your faithfulness with my mouth.
Jerome · AD 420 The eighty-eighth psalm is prefaced with this title: The Understanding of Ethan the Ezrahite. Wherever "understanding" is placed first, what follows is mystical and obscure. Ethan is interpreted as "strong," or "robust"; and Ezrahite as "one helped," or "one who has obtained help." I say this because we are dealing with the literal history.
Augustine of Hippo · AD 430 Understand, beloved, this Psalm, which I am about to explain, by the grace of God, of our hope in the Lord Jesus Christ, and be of good cheer, because He who promised, will fulfil all, as He has fulfilled much: for it is not our own merit, but His mercy, that gives us confidence in Him.
Theodoret of Cyrus · AD 458 Orthodoxos: Listen now how the prophet praises God at the very beginning of the psalm. He saw with his prophetic eyes the future iniquity of his people and the captivity that was in consequence foredoomed; yet he praised his own Lord for unfailing promises.
I Will Sing of His Love Forever 2 For I have said, “Loyal love will be built forever”; the heavens — you establish your faithfulness in them.
Jerome · AD 420 For you have said, Mercy shall be built up forever. I myself, who then spoke in the Old Testament through the patriarchs and through the prophets, now myself speak through my own self; for I have not come to loose the commandments of mercy which the law had built up, but to build upon them.
Augustine of Hippo · AD 430 "For You have said, Mercy shall be built up for ever" [Psalm 89:2]. It is this that I sing: this is Your truth, for the making known of which my mouth serves. In such wise You say, I build, as not to destroy: for some Thou destroyest and buildest not; and some whom Thou destroyest Thou dost rebuild.
3 “I have cut a covenant with my chosen one; I have sworn to David my servant:
Jerome · AD 420 I have appointed a covenant to my chosen ones. Do you wish to know how to this day the Lord appoints his covenant? Let us act well, and we shall deserve to be sharers in the Lord's appointment of the chosen ones. I have sworn to David my servant. Let us see what it is that the Lord swore. This surely, which follows. Unto eternity I will prepare your seed.
Augustine of Hippo · AD 430 "You have said, I have made a covenant with My chosen" [Psalm 89:3]. What covenant, but the new, by which we are renewed to a fresh inheritance, in our longing desire and love of which we sing a new song. "I have made a covenant with My chosen," says the Psalmist: "I have sworn unto David My servant." How confidently does he speak, who understands, whose mouth serves truth!
4 Forever I will establish your seed, and I will build your throne to generation and generation.” Selah.
Hippolytus of Rome · AD 235 And around us are the wise men of the Greeks mocking and jeering us, as those who believe without inquiry, and foolishly.
Jerome · AD 420 And I will build up your throne from generation to generation. In two generations, as we have said, the throne of God is set, namely in the circumcision and among the Gentiles.
Augustine of Hippo · AD 430 Let us see then what God has sworn. "I have sworn," He says, "to David My servant; your seed will I establish for ever" [Psalm 89:4]. But what is the seed of David, but that of Abraham. And what is the seed of Abraham?
5 And the heavens give thanks for your wonder, LORD, your faithfulness also in the assembly of the holy ones.
Jerome · AD 420 And the heavens shall confess your wonders, O Lord. This is what is said in the eighteenth psalm: "The heavens declare the glory of God." According to the mystical understanding, he calls the apostles "heavens." For if it is said to the sinner, "Earth you are, and to earth you shall go," why should it not be said to the holy or righteous man, "Heaven you are, and to heaven you…
Augustine of Hippo · AD 430 "O Lord, the very Heavens shall praise Thy wondrous works" [Psalm 89:5]. The Heavens will not praise their own merits, but Thy wondrous works, O Lord. For in every act of mercy on the lost, of justification of the unrighteous, what do we praise but the wondrous works of God? Thou praisest Him, because the dead have risen: praise Him yet more, because the lost are redeemed.
Bonaventure · AD 1257 The heavens proclaim your wonders, that is, the marvels of the soul which they feel within them. Such experiences make faith most secure. When the soul considers the Most High in a manner that is most pious, true, and good, then it is lifted up by zeal and the rapture of love to the third heaven.
6 For who in the sky can be compared to the LORD? Who is like the LORD among the sons of gods?
Jerome · AD 420 For who among the clouds shall be equal to the Lord? The clouds are the prophets, the clouds are the apostles, who pour showers of teachings upon the dry hearts of men. Who shall be like the Lord among the sons of God?
Augustine of Hippo · AD 430 "For who is he among the clouds, who shall be compared unto You, Lord!" [Psalm 89:6]. Is this to be the praise of the Heavens, is this to be their rain? What? Are the preachers confident, because "none among the clouds shall be compared unto the Lord"? Does it appear to you, brethren, a high ground of praise, that the clouds cannot be compared with their Creator?
7 A Mighty One dreaded in the great council of the holy ones, and fearful above all around him.
John Chrysostom · AD 407 O such strictness toward the righteous! O such abundant forgiveness toward the sinner! He finds so many different means, without himself changing, to keep the righteous in check and forgive the sinner, by usefully dividing his rich goodness. And listen how. If he frightens the sinner who persists in sins, he brings him to desperation and to the exhaustion of hope.
Augustine of Hippo · AD 430 ..."God is very greatly to be feared in the counsel of the righteous, and to be had in dread of all them that are round about Him" [Psalm 89:7]. God is everywhere; who therefore are round about Him, who is everywhere? For if He has some round about Him, He is represented as finite on every side.
Bonaventure · AD 1257 This counsel has been confirmed by the twelve Apostles and by the counsels of the Saints. If you want the testimony of the Saints concerning these counsels, seek Anthony, Paphnutius, and Macarius, who all resolved to observe these counsels. Seek the bishops Basil, Augustine, Martin, and Gregory; all were monks and resolved to observe the counsels and kept them.
8 LORD God of hosts, who is like you, mighty LORD? And your faithfulness is around you.
Augustine of Hippo · AD 430 "O Lord God of Hosts, who is like unto Thee? Thy truth, most mighty Lord, is on every side" [Psalm 89:8]. Great is Thy power Thou hast made Heaven and earth, and all things that in them are: but greater still is thy loving-kindness, which has shown forth Thy truth to all around Thee.
9 You rule the swelling of the sea; when its waves rise, you still them.
Augustine of Hippo · AD 430 ...For ye have heard, like men accustomed to the watering of the clouds of God, "Thy truth" then "is in the circuit of Thee." But when without persecutions, when without opposition, since it is said, that "He was born for a sign which shall be spoken against"?
10 You yourself crushed Rahab like one slain; with the arm of your strength you scattered your enemies.
Augustine of Hippo · AD 430 Lastly, what hast Thou done in the sea itself, to pacify its rage, and to weaken it? "Thou hast humbled the proud as one that is wounded." There is a certain proud serpent in the sea, of which another passage of Scripture speaks, "I will command the serpent, and he shall bite him;" and again, "There is that Leviathan, whom Thou hast made to mock him," whose head He bruises abov…
11 Yours are the heavens; yours also is the earth; the world and its fullness — you founded them.
Augustine of Hippo · AD 430 "The heavens are thine, the earth also is Thine." From Thee, over Thy earth they rain. Thine are the heavens, by whom is preached Thy truth in circuit of Thee; "Thine is the earth," which has received Thy truth in circuit of Thee; and what has resulted from that rain? "Thou hast laid the foundation of the round world, and all that therein is."
12 North and south — you created them; Tabor and Hermon sing aloud in your name.
Augustine of Hippo · AD 430 "Thou hast created the north and the seas." For nothing has any power against Thee, against its Creator. The world indeed may rage through its own malice, and the perversity of its will; does it nevertheless pass over the bound laid down by the Creator, who made all things? Why then do I fear the north wind? Why do I fear the seas?
13 Yours is an arm with might; strong is your hand; high is your right hand.
Augustine of Hippo · AD 430 "Thou hast a mighty arm" (ver. 13). Let no man arrogate anything to himself. "Thou hast a mighty arm:" by Thee we were created, by Thee we have been defended. "Thou hast a mighty arm: strong be Thy hand, and high be Thy right hand."
14 Righteousness and judgment are the foundation of your throne; loyal love and faithfulness go before your face.
Augustine of Hippo · AD 430 "Righteousness and judgment are the preparation of Thy seat" (ver. 14). Thy righteousness and judgment will appear in the end: they are now hidden.
15 Happy is the people who know the shout; LORD, in the light of your face they walk.
Augustine of Hippo · AD 430 In all these things shall we not rejoice? Or shall we contain our joy? Or shall words suffice for our gladness? Or shall the tongue be able to express our rejoicing? If therefore no words suffice, "Blessed is the people, O Lord, that knows glad shouting" [Psalm 89:15]. O blessed people! Do you conceive aright, do you understand, glad shouting?
16 In your name they exult all the day, and in your righteousness they are lifted up.
Augustine of Hippo · AD 430 O Lord, "they shall walk in the light of Thy countenance." "They shall rejoice in Thy name all the day" (ver. 16). That Thabor and Hermon shall rejoice in Thy name: all day shall they rejoice, if they will, in Thy name; but if they will rejoice in their own name, they shall not rejoice all day: for they shall not continue in their joy, when they shall delight in themselves, and…
17 For you are the splendor of their strength, and in your favor our horn is lifted up.
Augustine of Hippo · AD 430 "For You are the glory of their strength: and in Your good pleasure You shall lift up our horns" [Psalm 89:17]: because it has seemed good to You, not because we are worthy.
18 For our shield belongs to the LORD, and our king to the Holy One of Israel.
Augustine of Hippo · AD 430 "For of the Lord is our taking up" [Psalm 89:18]. For I was moved like a heap of sand, that I might fall; and I should have fallen, had not the Lord taken me up.
19 Then you spoke in a vision to your loyal ones, and you said, “I have set help upon a mighty man; I have raised up a chosen one from the people.
Augustine of Hippo · AD 430 "You spoke sometime in vision unto Your sons, and said" [Psalm 89:19]. You spoke in your vision. You revealed this to Your Prophets. For this reason You spoke in vision, that is, in revelation: whence Prophets were called seers. They saw something within, which they were to speak without: and secretly they heard what they preached openly.
20 I have found David my servant; with my holy oil I have anointed him,
Acts · AD 62 The God of this people of Israel chose our fathers, and exalted the people when they dwelt as strangers in the land of Egypt, and with an high arm brought he them out of it. And about the time of forty years suffered he their manners in the wilderness. And when he had destroyed seven nations in the land of Chanaan, he divided their land to them by lot.
Augustine of Hippo · AD 430 "I have found David My servant:" that David from David's seed: "with My holy oil have I anointed Him" (ver. 20): for it is said of Him, "God, even Thy God, hath anointed Thee with the oil of gladness above Thy fellows."
21 with whom my hand will be firm; my arm also will strengthen him.
Augustine of Hippo · AD 430 "My hand shall hold Him fast, and My arm shall strengthen Him" [Psalm 89:21]: because there was a taking up of man; because flesh was assumed in the Virgin's womb, [Luke 1:31] because by Him who in the form of God is coequal with the Father, the form of a servant was taken, and He became obedient unto death, even the death of the Cross. [Philippians 2:6, 8]
22 The enemy will not exact from him, and the son of injustice will not afflict him.
Augustine of Hippo · AD 430 "The enemy shall not be able to do him violence" (ver. 22). The enemy rages indeed but he shall not be able to do Him violence: he is wont to hurt, but he shall not hurt. How then shall he afflict Him? he will exercise Him, but he shall not hurt Him. There shall be profit in his raging; for those against whom he rages shall be crowned in their conquering.
23 And I will shatter his foes before his face, and I will strike down those who hate him.
Augustine of Hippo · AD 430 "I will cut in pieces His enemies before His face" [Psalm 89:23]. They are cut in pieces from their conspiracy, and in that they believe they are cut in pieces; for they believe by degrees; as when the calf's head was ground small, they will come to be the drink of God's people.
24 And my faithfulness and my loyal love will be with him, and in my name his horn will be lifted up.
Augustine of Hippo · AD 430 "My truth also and My mercy is with Him" [Psalm 89:24]. All the paths of the Lord are mercy and truth. Remember, as much as you can, how often these two attributes are urged upon us, that we render them back to God.
25 And I will set his hand on the sea, and his right hand on the rivers.
Augustine of Hippo · AD 430 "I will set His hand also in the sea" [Psalm 89:25]: that is, He shall rule over the Gentiles; "and His right hand in the floods." Rivers run into the sea: avaricious men roll onwards into the bitterness of this world: yet all these kinds of men will be subject to Christ.
26 He himself will call to me, ‘You are my Father, my God, and the rock of my salvation.’
Augustine of Hippo · AD 430 "He shall call me, You are My Father, and the lifter up of My salvation" [Psalm 89:26].
27 I also will make him the firstborn, the highest of the kings of the earth.
Augustine of Hippo · AD 430 "And I will make Him my first-born; higher than the kings of the earth" [Psalm 89:27]. Our Martyrs, whose birthdays we are celebrating, shed their blood on account of these things, which were believed though not yet seen; how much more brave ought we to be, as we see what they believed?
28 Forever I will keep my loyal love for him, and my covenant is faithful to him.
Augustine of Hippo · AD 430 "My mercy will I keep for Him for ever: and my Testament faithful with Him" [Psalm 89:28]. On His account, the Testament is faithful: in Him the Testament is mediated: He is the Sealer, the Mediator of the Testament, the Surety of the Testament, the Witness of the Testament, the Heritage of the Testament, the Coheir of the Testament.
29 And I will set his seed forever, and his throne like the days of the heavens.
Augustine of Hippo · AD 430 "His seed will I make to endure world without end" [Psalm 89:29]. Not only for this world, but unto the world without end: whither His seed, which is His heritage, the seed of Abraham, which is Christ, will pass.
30 If his sons forsake my instruction and do not walk in my judgments,
Augustine of Hippo · AD 430 This is a strong pledge of the promise of God. The sons of this David are the children of the Bridegroom; all Christians therefore are called His sons.
31 if they profane my statutes and do not keep my commandments,
32 then I will visit their transgression with a rod, and their iniquity with plagues.
Cyprian · AD 258 The Lord certainly would not exhort to repentance unless he promised pardon to the penitent. In the Gospel the Lord says, "Just so, I tell you, there will be joy in heaven over one sinner who repents, more than over ninety-nine just who have no need of repentance." Since it is written, "God is not the author of death, nor does he rejoice in the destruction of the living," certa…
Ambrose of Milan · AD 397 Not without reason was [the soul] given horns and hoofs, to bruise all the sheaves of the threshing floor, like the calf of Libanius, for, unless the sheaves are bruised and the straw winnowed, the corn within cannot appear and be separated.
33 But my loyal love I will not break off from him, and I will not be false in my faithfulness.
Augustine of Hippo · AD 430 "Nevertheless, My mercy will I not utterly take from Him" [Psalm 89:33]. From whom? From that David to whom I gave these promises, whom "I anointed with my holy oil of gladness above His fellows." Do you recognise Him from whom God will not utterly take away His mercy?
34 I will not profane my covenant, and what has gone out from my lips I will not change.
Augustine of Hippo · AD 430 "My covenant will I not profane, nor reject the thing that is gone out of my lips" [Psalm 89:34]. Because his sons sin, I will not on this account be found false: I have promised; I will do.
35 Once I have sworn by my holiness — I will not lie to David.
Augustine of Hippo · AD 430 Listen for thy confirmation in hope, for thy security, if thou knowest thyself to be among the members of Christ. "I have sworn once by My holiness that I will not lie unto David" (ver. 35). Dost thou wait till God swear a second time? How often is He to swear, if in one oath He is false? One oath He made for our life, who sent His Only One to die for us.
36 His seed will be forever, and his throne like the sun before me.
Augustine of Hippo · AD 430 "His seed shall endure for ever" [Psalm 89:36]. His seed endures for ever; because the Lord knows them that are His.
Bonaventure · AD 1257 The spiritual throne is indicated: that of doctrine, of superiorship, or of judgment. Hence the Psalm: "And his throne shall be like the sun before me; like the moon which remains forever." A superior is the sun as regards the documents of truth, the moon as regards the example of virtue; or he is the sun of wisdom and the moon of knowledge; or again, he is the sun in the act o…
37 Like the moon it will be established forever, and the witness in the sky is faithful.” Selah.
Augustine of Hippo · AD 430 "And His seat is like as the sun before me:" "and as the moon perfect for evermore: and the faithful witness in heaven" [Psalm 89:37]. They are His seat, in whom He sits and reigns. But if His seat, His members also; because even our members are the seat of our head.
Bonaventure · AD 1257 The spiritual throne is indicated: that of doctrine, of superiorship, or of judgment. Hence the Psalm: "And his throne shall be like the sun before me; like the moon which remains forever." A superior is the sun as regards the documents of truth, the moon as regards the example of virtue; or he is the sun of wisdom and the moon of knowledge; or again, he is the sun in the act o…
38 But you yourself have rejected and spurned; you have been furious with your anointed.
Augustine of Hippo · AD 430 These promises, so sure, so firm, so open, so unquestioned, were made concerning Christ. For although some are mysteriously veiled, yet some are so clear, that all that is obscure is easily revealed by them. Such being the case, see what follows: "But You have approved and brought to nothing and forsaken Your Anointed" [Psalm 89:38].
39 You have renounced the covenant of your servant; you have profaned his crown to the ground.
40 You have broken through all his fences; you have made his fortresses a ruin.
41 All who pass along the way have plundered him; he has become a reproach to his neighbors.
Augustine of Hippo · AD 430 Even David himself knew this. Consider his words; "You have rejected and brought him down to nothing." Where then is Your promise? "You have put off Your Anointed." This expression cheers us, among much that is sorrowful: for the promise of God is still valid; for You have put off Your Anointed, not taken Him away.
42 You have lifted up the right hand of his foes; you have made all his enemies rejoice.
43 You have also turned back the edge of his sword, and you have not made him stand in the battle.
44 You have made his splendor cease, and you have hurled his throne to the ground.
45 You have shortened the days of his youth; you have wrapped him with shame. Selah.
46 How long, LORD? Will you hide yourself forever? Will your wrath burn like fire?
Augustine of Hippo · AD 430 Let us therefore see whether God fulfils His promises. After these stern penalties which have been recorded as having been inflicted upon this people and kingdom, that God might not be supposed to have fulfilled His promises in it, and so not to grant another kingdom in Christ, of which kingdom there shall be no end; the Prophet addresses Him in these words, "Lord, how long wil…
47 Remember — I, what is my span? For what emptiness you have created all the sons of man!
Augustine of Hippo · AD 430 "O remember what my substance is" [Psalm 89:47]. That David, who was placed among the Jews in the flesh, in Christ in hope, speaks "Remember what is my substance." For not because the Jews fell away, did my substance fail: for from that people came the Virgin Mary, and from her the flesh of Christ; that Flesh sins not, but purifies sins; there, says David, is my substance.
48 What man can live and not see death? Can he deliver his soul from the hand of Sheol? Selah.
Augustine of Hippo · AD 430 "What man is he that shall live, and shall not see death?" [Psalm 89:48]. For being raised from the dead He dies no more, and death has no more dominion over Him.
49 Where are your former acts of loyal love, Lord, which you swore to David in your faithfulness?
Augustine of Hippo · AD 430 But in the very faith in Christ great difficulties occurred, and the heathen in their rage long said, "When shall he die, and his name perish?" On account of these then who have now long believed in Christ, but were destined to doubt for some time, these words follow, "Lord, where are Thy old loving-kindnesses?" (ver. 49).
50 Remember, Lord, the reproach of your servants — how I bear in my bosom all the many peoples —
Augustine of Hippo · AD 430 "Remember, Lord, the rebuke that Thy servants have" [Psalm 89:50]. Even while Christ was living, and while He was sitting on His Father's right hand, reproaches were cast against the Christians: they long were reproached with the name of Christ.
51 with which your enemies have reproached, LORD, with which they have reproached the footsteps of your anointed.
Augustine of Hippo · AD 430 "Wherewith Thine enemies have blasphemed Thee, O Lord" [Psalm 89:51], both Jews and Pagans. "Wherewith they have blasphemed." Wherewith have they blasphemed Thee? "With the change of Thine Anointed." They objected that Christ died, and was crucified. Madmen, what is your reproach?
52 Blessed be the LORD forever. Amen and amen.
Augustine of Hippo · AD 430 They have blasphemed the change of Christ; but what dost thou answer? "The blessing of the Lord for evermore. Amen and Amen" [Psalm 89:52]. Thanks to His mercy, thanks to His grace. We express our thanks: we do not give them, nor return them, nor repay them: we express our thanks in words, while in fact we retain our sense of them.
Bonaventure · AD 1257 But if you ask how these things come about, ask grace, not doctrine; desire, not understanding; the groaning of prayer, not the study of reading; the Bridegroom, not the master; God, not man; darkness, not clarity; not light, but the fire that wholly inflames and carries into God through ecstatic anointings and most ardent affections.