I Corinthians 8 · The Lantern

Food Sacrificed to Idols

Now concerning idol-sacrifices: we know that we all have knowledge. Knowledge puffs up, but love builds up.

It is therefore better and more profitable to belong to the simple and unlettered class, and by means of love to attain to nearness to God, than, by imagining ourselves learned and skilful, to be found [among those who are] blasphemous against their own God, inasmuch as they conjure up another God as the Father.

"Now concerning things sacrificed to idols, we know that we all have knowledge." Leaving alone the weak, which he always doth, he discourses with the strong first. And this is what he did also in the Epistle to the Romans, saying, "But thou, why dost thou judge thy brother?" for this is the sort of person that is able to receive rebuke also with readiness.

"Knowledge puffs up, but charity edifies"; therefore it is necessary to join charity with knowledge, so that a man may have knowledge and charity together, so that what the Apostle says may be fulfilled: "Rooted and founded in charity, that you may be able to comprehend with all the Saints what is the length, and breadth, and height, and depth, and to know also the charity of C…

If anyone thinks he has known anything, he does not yet know as it is necessary to know.

" That they likewise (remember), what was written to the Corinthians, that they "were yet carnal," who "required to be fed with milk," being as yet "unable to bear strong meat; " who also "thought that they knew somewhat, whereas they knew not yet anything, as they ought to know." When they raise the objection that the churches were rebuked, let them suppose that they were also…

Paul shows not only that they have no love but that they have no knowledge either.

Gratuitous knowledge teaches to know and the manner of knowing. Whence, upon that saying of the Apostle: "If any man think that he knoweth anything, he hath not yet known how he ought to know": Bernard says: "You see that the Apostle does not approve him who knows many things, but the manner of knowing: see that he places all the fruit and utility of knowledge in the manner of…

But if anyone loves God, he is known by Him.

"But if any man love God, the same," he doth not say, "knoweth Him," but, "is known of Him." For we have not known Him, but He hath known us. And therefore did Christ say, "Ye have not chosen Me, but I have chosen you." And Paul elsewhere, "Then shall I know fully, even as also I have been known." Observe now, I pray, by what means he brings down their high-mindedness.

And the apostle: "if any man," he says, "think that he knoweth anything, he knoweth nothing yet as he ought to know. But if any man love God, the same is known of Him." He has not said, has known Him, which is dangerous presumption, but "is known of Him." So also in another place, when he had said, "But now after that ye have known God:" immediately correcting himself, he says,…

These words have the following meaning: whoever loves his neighbor undoubtedly loves God as well; and whoever loves God (he did not say "has known" God, but) "has knowledge" from God, that is, has become known to God and His own. And having become known to God, he receives knowledge from Him; but even this knowledge is imperfect.

Concerning therefore the eating of idol-sacrifices: we know that an idol is nothing in the world, and that there is no God except one.

For even if indeed there are those named gods, whether in heaven or on earth — as there are many gods and many lords —

Assuredly also, when (the apostle) rules that marriage should be "only in the Lord," that no Christian should intermarry with a heathen, he maintains a law of the Creator, who everywhere prohibits marriage with strangers.

"For though there be that are called gods, whether in heaven or on earth, as there are gods many and lords many; yet to us there is one God, the Father, of Whom are all things, and we unto Him; and one Lord Jesus Christ, through Whom are all things, and we through Him." Since he had said, that "an idol is nothing" and that "there is no other God;" and yet there were idols and t…

Although he said that there is no other God, while the Greeks said that there are many gods, lest they consider him to be openly contradicting, he says: although there are "so-called" gods, that is, those who are called such, but who in truth are not gods. "Whether in heaven," such as the sun and moon and the rest of the stars, which were worshipped as gods by the Greeks.

yet to us there is one God, the Father, of whom are all things and we for Him; and one Lord, Jesus Christ, through whom are all things and we through Him.

And if we would persuade any of our fellow-guests to virtue, we are all the more on this account to abstain from those dainty dishes; and so exhibit ourselves as a bright pattern of virtue, such as we ourselves have in Christ.

Being mindful of your love and of your zeal in Christ, which ye have manifested towards us, we thought it fitting to write to you, who display such a godly and spiritual love to the brethren, to put you in remembrance of your Christian course, "that ye all speak the same thing, being of one mind, thinking the same thing, and walking by the same rule of faith," as Paul admonishe…

All things were brought into being through the Son, and we also through Him were brought into being and into well-being, that is, we became believers and passed from error to truth. When you hear the words "one God the Father and one Lord Jesus Christ," do not think that the name of God is assigned exclusively to the Father, and the name of Lord to the Son.

But this knowledge is not in all. Some, by custom until now, eat of the idol as of an idol-sacrifice, and their conscience, being weak, is defiled.

But food will not commend us to God; neither if we do not eat do we come short, nor if we eat do we have an advantage.

The natural use of food is then indifferent. "For neither if we eat are we the better," it is said, "nor if we eat not are we the worse." But it is inconsistent with reason, for those that have been made worthy to share divine and spiritual food, to partake of the tables of demons. "Have we not power to eat and to drink," says the apostle, "and to lead about wives"?

"But meat doth not commend us to God. For neither if we eat are we the better, nor if we eat not are we the worse." Do you see how again he takes down their high spirit?

Food does not bring us closer to God. Lest someone say "I eat with a clear conscience, and what do I care if someone is scandalized because of their own weakness," he explains that the very eating of food offered to idols, even with a resolute contempt for idols, has no significance whatsoever.

But be careful lest perhaps this right of yours become an occasion of stumbling to those who are weak.

For if anyone sees you who have knowledge eating in an idol’s temple, will not his conscience, being weak, be encouraged to eat the idol-sacrifices?

Give nothing and take nothing from an idol! If it be against the faith to recline at table in the temple of an idol, what would you call it if one wore the garb of an idol?

Let us expand this thought so as to say: "If someone sees you who have knowledge of piety passing the whole day in those senseless and harmful associations, will not the conscience of the weak man be emboldened to pursue such actions more earnestly?" That blessed apostle said this to keep in check those who were heedless, even after having knowledge of piety, who were exposing…

That is: if someone weak sees you, who call yourself perfect, eating food offered to idols, will he not find all the more reason to eat food offered to idols himself, and will he not be even more confirmed (this is what "dispose" means) in the opinion that an idol is something?

For the one who is weak is destroyed through your knowledge — the brother for whom Christ died.

And thus, sinning against the brothers and wounding their conscience, being weak, you sin against Christ.

Consequently, either when something is done which is intrinsically evil and scandal results, or if the performance of a licit act and one within our sphere of competence causes scandal to one who is weak in faith or knowledge, then the penalty is clear and unescapable.… "It were better for him that a millstone were hanged about his neck.".

"And thus sinning against the brethren, and wounding their weak conscience, ye sin against Christ." Do you observe how quietly and gradually he hath brought their offence up to the very summit of iniquity?

He did not say: causing to stumble, but: "wounding," in order to show their cruelty, when they wound even a weak conscience. And he elevated this sin to the very height of transgression when he said: "you sin against Christ." In what sense then is this sin committed against Christ?

Therefore, if food snares my brother, I will certainly not eat meat to the age, so that I may not snare my brother.

"Wherefore, if meat make my brother to stumble, I will eat no flesh for ever." This is like the best of teachers, to teach in his own person the things which he speaks. Nor did he say whether justly or unjustly; but in any case.

As an excellent teacher, he proves by his own example what he speaks about. And he did not say: "if it causes to stumble" justly, but in whatever way it may be. He also did not say: "I will not eat" food offered to idols, but meat in general, even if it were permitted. He did not say, again: for one or two days, but for his whole life; for this is what "forever" means.

I Corinthians8

Food Sacrificed to Idols