Acts 6 · The Lantern

The Choosing of the Seven

Now in these days, when the disciples are multiplying, there arose a grumbling of the Hellenists against the Hebrews, because their widows were being overlooked in the daily distribution.

And they who believed from the ninth mountain, which was deserted, and had in it creeping things and wild beasts which destroy men, were the following: they who had the stains as servants, who discharged their duty ill, and who plundered widows and orphans of their livelihood.

Not on the same days, but on certain following ones. Yet, intending to begin the narration in the manner of Scripture, he proceeds in this way even now. He calls those speaking Greek not the religion, but those as Greek speakers. And by the murmuring he proclaims a kind of temptation, not from outside, but from within.

Not on the very same days when the Angel freed the apostles from prison, but several days after those — such a turn of speech is customary for Scripture. And by Hellenists, in my opinion, he means those who spoke Greek. So, the ministry to the widows was a daily matter. He calls the work of almsgiving a ministry.

Having called near then the multitude of the disciples, the Twelve said, “It is not desirable for us, having neglected the word of God, to attend at tables.

A temperate man, too, must rise before the general company, and retire quietly from the banquet. "For at the time for rising," it is said, "be not the last; haste home." The twelve, having called together the multitude of the disciples, said, "It is not meet for us to leave the word of God and serve tables." If they avoided this, much more did they shun gluttony.

Oh, rich glory of the apostles' speech, never to permit people to feel a famine of virtues! A distributed sum of money desires increase. The coin of language entrusted [to them] was displeasing when it remained alone.

Not the apostles themselves choose, but they leave the choice to the people, who were to receive the benefit from the service of the deacons; it is they who choose and appoint. "It is not right for us, having left the word of God, to serve tables." Because what is necessary should be preferred to what is not necessary.

Select therefore, brothers, seven men out from yourselves being well attested, full of the Spirit and wisdom, whom we will appoint over this task;

Luke also has recorded that Stephen, who was the first elected into the diaconate by the apostles, and who was the first slain for the testimony of Christ, spoke regarding Moses as follows: "This man did indeed receive the commandments of the living God to give to us, whom your fathers would not obey, but thrust [Him from them], and in their hearts turned back again into Egypt,…

[L]est, however, the circumstance [waiting on tables] forsaken [by the apostles] be thought more lowly, the handling of it was entrusted to [seven] distinguished deacons, and that precious [service] possessed a heavenly number.

Those who are placed in charge of governing others ought to have mercy. "Consider therefore, brethren, from among you men of good testimony, full of the Holy Spirit and wisdom, whom we may appoint over this work" of distribution. He would not be a wise steward who would steal the goods of God.

but we ourselves will steadfastly continue in the prayer and in the ministry of the word.”

And the statement pleased before all the multitude, and they chose Stephen, a man full of faith and of the Holy Spirit, and Philip and Prochorus and Nicanor and Timon and Parmenas and Nicolas, a convert of Antioch,

Such also are those who say that they follow Nicolaus, quoting an adage of the man, which they pervert, "that the flesh must be abused." But the worthy man showed that it was necessary to check pleasures and lusts, and by such training to waste away the impulses and propensities of the flesh.

Of those who have a share in virtue, some possess it perfectly and others imperfectly. Hence it is said of Stephen that he was selected because he was full of faith and the Spirit, as every believer is not full of faith. Someone upon whom Peter looked is said to "have faith" but not to be full of faith.

"And the saying," we are told, "pleased the whole multitude." This too was worthy of their wisdom. All approved of what was said so sensible was it.

whom they set before the apostles; and having prayed, they laid the hands on them.

It is to be noted that the ordination comes by the word of the leaders through their prayer and the imposition of their hands, and that the rank of deacons was given to deacons from the beginning, and that this custom has been observed until now.

They set them before the sight of the apostles, and praying, they laid hands on them. Not those who set them, but the apostles, laid hands on them.

"Having prayed, they laid hands on them." See how Luke is brief: he does not say how they were ordained, but says only that they were ordained with prayer. A hand is laid upon a man — this is what ordination consists of, but God accomplishes everything. What kind of ordination did these seven men receive? Was it the diaconate?

And the word of God was increasing, and the number of the disciples in Jerusalem was multiplied exceedingly; and a great multitude of the priests were becoming obedient to the faith.

"And the word of God increased: and the number of the disciples multiplied in Jerusalem greatly; and a great company of the priests were obedient to the faith." It is not for nothing that he says this: it shows how great is the virtue of alms and good order. And as he is about in the sequel to enlarge upon the affair of Stephen, he puts first the causes which led to it.

"A great multitude also of the priests obeyed the faith," etc. One of those who had been chosen for the management of tables, one called Stephen, did great signs and wonders by the power of the Lord Christ; and since none of the unfaithful could withstand his preachings, false witnesses were brought against him to say that he had spoken words of blasphemy against God and Moses.…

It should be noted that the Church was placed in paradise, like the first man, "to till it," in such a way that no one would say "that anything he possessed" was "his own." For it began in a state of great perfection that is observed today in the religious life, for the love of Christ was still recent, and in those days "a large number also of the priests accepted the faith." T…

The Arrest of Stephen

Now Stephen, full of grace and power, was performing great wonders and signs among the people.

Whence, I pray you, did that grace bloom upon the countenance of Stephen? The writer gives him this report above, that he was "full of faith." For it is possible to have a grace that does not consist in works of healing: "For to one is given the grace of the Spirit in such and such wise." But here, it seems to me, it says that he was also gracious to look at.

Stephen, full of grace and strength, performed great wonders and signs among the people. But some from the synagogue, which was called the Synagogue of the Freedmen, etc., arose. Stephen, in Greek, is called Crowned in Latin. He anticipated in his name the reality of being crowned, humbly stoned, but sublimely crowned. In Hebrew, it is interpreted as your norm. Whose?

Look how out of seven one was preferred over the rest: although the ordination was common to all, yet this one acquired greater grace. Turn your gaze also to the fact that before this time he did not work miracles, but began to work miracles when he became known as chosen and ordained, to show that grace alone is not sufficient, but ordination is also necessary.

But there arose certain of those from the synagogue which is being named of the Freedmen — including Cyrenians and Alexandrians and those from Cilicia and Asia — disputing with Stephen;

Again he uses the phrase of "rising up" to denote their exasperation and wrath. Here we have a great multitude. And observe the difference in the form of accusation: for since Gamaliel had stopped them from finding fault on the former plea, they bring in another charge. The synagogues were diverse: to wit, "Of the Libertines": "of the Cyrenians, i.e.

However, there arose some from the synagogue called the Libertines and Cyrenians, etc. And in the Greek text, the name Libertines is written. Now, libertini are called the sons of freedmen, that is, those who, after servitude, were freed and granted liberty.

"They entered into a dispute with Stephen." In irritation and anger they argue in order to force him to say something. And he, perhaps, was speaking very openly and was talking about the cessation of the law, or rather, he was not speaking directly but hinting, because if he had spoken clearly, these "certain ones" would have had no need for false witnesses.

and they were not able to withstand against the wisdom and against the Spirit by whom he was speaking.

Then they suborned men, saying that “We have heard him, when he is speaking blasphemous declarations against Moses and God;”

and they stirred up the people and the elders and the scribes, and having come upon him, they seized him and brought him to the Council,

and they set also false witnesses, saying, “This man does not stop speaking declarations against this holy place and the law;

They say not, "he speaketh," but, "he ceaseth not to speak. And they stirred up the people, and the elders, and the scribes, and came upon him, and caught him, and brought him to the council, and set up false witnesses, which said, This man ceaseth not to speak blasphemous words against this holy place, and the law." "Ceaseth not," say they, as if he made this his business.

They brought men who said that "we have heard him uttering blasphemous words against Moses and God." What were the words? "That this Jesus of Nazareth will destroy this place." And indeed Stephen said this, though not perhaps in so bare a form. How then are these men persuaded and false witnesses? Because they did not hear it as they now reported, but lied.

"And they set up false witnesses, who said." Everywhere false testimony. They did not wish to kill simply, but by verdict, calculating that by this they would undermine the good reputation of those whom they were killing. They did not say of Stephen: "he speaks," but — "he does not cease.

for we have heard him saying that this Jesus of Nazareth will destroy this place and will change the customs that Moses delivered to us.”

And having looked intently on him, all those sitting in the Council saw his face as the face of an angel.

But he was Moses still, even when he was not visible. So also Stephen had already put on the appearance of an angel, although they were none other than his human knees which bent beneath the stoning.

But to show that it was not in the nature of such a man to speak such things, and harshly, "Then all," it says, "which were in the council, looking steadfastly upon him, saw his face, as it had been the face of an angel": so mild was he even in countenance.

"All who sat in the council, looking at him, saw his face as the face of an Angel." God made Stephen pleasant; since he still had something to say, in order to immediately strike them with his appearance, God illumined his face, because even toward the faces of people filled with spiritual grace, those who love them regard them with longing, and enemies with reverence.

Acts6

The Choosing of the Seven

The Arrest of Stephen