The translation of one language into another is not a process of translating each proposition of the one into a proposition of the other, but only the constituent parts of propositions are translated.
(And the dictionary does not only translate substantives but also adverbs and conjunctions, etc., and it treats them all alike.)
4.026
The meanings of the simple signs (the words) must be explained to us, if we are to understand them.
By means of propositions we explain ourselves.
4.027
It is essential to propositions, that they can communicate a new sense to us.
4.03
A proposition must communicate a new sense with old words.
The proposition communicates to us a state of affairs, therefore it must be essentially connected with the state of affairs.
And the connection is, in fact, that it is its logical picture.
The proposition only asserts something, in so far as it is a picture.
4.031
In the proposition a state of affairs is, as it were, put together for the sake of experiment.
One can say, instead of, This proposition has such and such a sense, This proposition represents such and such a state of affairs.
4.0311
One name stands for one thing, and another for another thing, and they are connected together. And so the whole, like a living picture, presents the atomic fact.
4.0312
The possibility of propositions is based upon the principle of the representation of objects by signs.
My fundamental thought is that the “logical constants” do not represent. That the logic of the facts cannot be represented.
4.032
The proposition is a picture of its state of affairs, only in so far as it is logically articulated.
(Even the proposition “ambulo” is composite, for its stem gives a different sense with another termination, or its termination with another stem.)
4.04
In the proposition there must be exactly as many thing distinguishable as there are in the state of affairs, which it represents.