Genesis 38 · The Lantern

Judah and Tamar

And it happened at that time, that Judah went down from his brothers, and turned in to a certain Adullamite, whose name was Hirah.

And Judah saw there a daughter of a certain Canaanite, whose name was Shuah; and he took her, and went in to her.

And she conceived, and bore a son; and he called his name Er.

And she conceived again, and bore a son; and she called his name Onan.

And she yet again conceived, and bore a son; and called his name Shelah: and he was at Chezib, when she bore him.

And Judah took a wife for Er his firstborn, whose name was Tamar.

And Er, Judah’s firstborn, was wicked in the sight of the LORD; and the LORD slew him.

And Judah said to Onan, Go in to your brother’s wife, and marry her, and raise up seed to your brother.

And Onan knew that the seed should not be his; and it happened, when he went in to his brother’s wife, that he spilled it on the ground, lest that he should give seed to his brother.

And the thing which he did displeased the LORD: therefore he slew him also.

Then said Judah to Tamar his daughter in law, Remain a widow at your father’s house, till Shelah my son be grown: for he said, Lest perhaps he die also, as his brothers did. And Tamar went and dwelt in her father’s house.

And in process of time the daughter of Shuah Judah’s wife died; and Judah was comforted, and went up to his sheepshearers to Timnath, he and his friend Hirah the Adullamite.

And it was told Tamar, saying, Look your father in law goes up to Timnath to shear his sheep.

And she put her widow’s garments off from her, and covered her with a veil, and wrapped herself, and sat in an open place, which is by the way to Timnath; for she saw that Shelah was grown, and she was not given to him to wife.

When Shelah had become a young man and Judah did not wish to bring her back to his house, Tamar thought, "How can I make the Hebrews realize that it is not marriage for which I am hungering, but rather that I am yearning for the blessing that is hidden in them? Although I am able to have relations with Shelah, I would not be able to make my faith victorious through Shelah.

So, buoyed up with these promises Tamar sat in her father's house, the text says, waiting for her father-in-law's promise to take effect. When she saw that Judah was not prepared to honor his promise, for a while she accepted it mildly, forbearing to have relations with another man, being content with her widowhood and waiting for a suitable opportunity.

(Verse 14) And he sat at the gate of Enaim, which is on the road to Thamna. The Hebrew phrase Enaim (), is translated as 'in the eyes.' Therefore, it is not a place name, but rather a description. He sat at a crossroads or a junction where a traveler must carefully look to choose the right path.

When Judah saw her, he thought her to be a prostitute; because she had covered her face.

And he turned to her by the way, and said, Go to, I pray you, let me come in to you; (for he knew not that she was his daughter in law.) And she said, What will you give me, that you may come in to me?

And he said, I will send you a kid from the flock. And she said, Will you give me a pledge, till you send it?

And he said, What pledge shall I give you? And she said, Your signet, and your bracelets, and your staff that is in your hand. And he gave it her, and came in to her, and she conceived by him.

And she arose, and went away, and laid by her veil from her, and put on the garments of her widowhood.

And Judah sent the kid by the hand of his friend the Adullamite, to receive his pledge from the woman’s hand: but he found her not.

Then he asked the men of that place, saying, Where is the prostitute, that was openly by the way side? And they said, There was no prostitute in this place.

And he returned to Judah, and said, I cannot find her; and also the men of the place said, that there was no prostitute in this place.

And Judah said, Let her take it to her, lest we be shamed: look, I sent this kid, and you have not found her.

And it happened about three months after, that it was told Judah, saying, Tamar your daughter in law has played the prostitute; and also, look, she is with child by prostitution. And Judah said, Bring her forth, and let her be burnt.

When she was brought forth, she sent to her father in law, saying, By the man, whose these are, am I with child: and she said, Discern, I pray you, whose are these, the signet, and bracelets, and staff.

And Judah acknowledged them, and said, She has been more righteous than I; because that I gave her not to Shelah my son. And he knew her again no more.

He then said, "She is more innocent than I," that is, "She is more righteous than I. What great sinners my sons were. 'Because of this, I did not give her to my son Shelah.' She is innocent of that evil suspicion that I held against her and [for which] I withheld my son Shelah from her." She who had been cheated out of marriage was justified in her fornication, and he who sent…

(Verse 26.) But Judas acknowledged and said: she is more righteous than I, because I did not give her to my son Selom. In Hebrew, it says, she has been justified by me: not that she was just, but that in comparison to her, I have done less evil, not seeking base immorality, but seeking children.

In the first place it must be said that, even though there are some famous characters who are discovered to be guilty of acting in a not entirely honest way, however, since God in the holy Scriptures produces through them something useful for our salvation, let us drive away from us what may offend.

The Birth of Perez and Zerah

And it happened in the time of her toil, that, look, twins were in her womb.

And it happened, when she travailed, that the one put out his hand: and the midwife took and bound upon his hand a scarlet thread, saying, This came out first.

And it happened, as he drew back his hand, that, look, his brother came out: and she said, How have you broken forth? this breach be upon you: therefore his name was called Pharez.

And afterward came out his brother, that had the scarlet thread upon his hand: and his name was called Zarah.

Genesis38

Judah and Tamar

The Birth of Perez and Zerah