An Exact Exposition of the Orthodox Faith · Book 3 29

Chapter XXIX.

Concerning the Descent to Hades.

The soul when it was deified descended into Hades, in order that, just as the Sun of Righteousness rose for those upon the earth, so likewise He might bring light to those who sit under the earth in darkness and shadow of death : in order that just as He brought the message of peace to those upon the earth, and of release to the prisoners, and of sight to the blind , and became to those who believed the Author of everlasting salvation and to those who did not believe a reproach of their unbelief , so He might become the same to those in Hades : That every knee should bow to Him, of things in heaven, and things in earth and things under the earth . And thus after He had freed those who had been bound for ages, straightway He rose again from the dead, shewing us the way of resurrection.

1 Gen. iii. 7; cf. Greg. Naz., Orat. 38 and 42; Greg. Nyss., Orat. Catech. c. 8 .

2 Text, parei`den . Variant, periei`den .

3 Gen. vi. 13.

4 Ibid. xi. 7.

5 ejpistasiva , care , or dominion .

6 Gen. xviii. I seqq .

7 Ibid xix. I seqq .

8 Wisd. ii. 24.

9 Greg. Naz., Orat. 12 and 38.

1 Text, pavlhn . Variant, plavsin , cf. “plasmationem” (Faber).

1 Text, pareivde . Variant, periei`den .

1 Greg. Nyss., Orat. Cathec., ch. 20 et seqq .

1 St. John i. 18.

1 Phil. ii. 6.

1 “Condescends to His servants” is absent in some mss. .

1 Eccles. i. 10.

1 Greg. Nyss., Cat. ch 16.

1 Athan., De salut. adv. Christi .

1 Text, tou` Lovlou . Variant, tou` Qeou` Lovlou : so Dei Verbi (Faber).

2 St. Luke i. 27.

2 Hebr. vii. 14.

2 St. Luke i. 28.

2 Ibid. 30, 31.

2 St. Matt. i. 21.

2 St. Luke i. 34

2 “Of thee” is wanting in some mss.

2 St. Luke i. 35.

2 Ibid. 38.

2 Ibid. 27, 28

3 Greg. Naz., Orat. 38 and 42.

3 Cf. Athan., Ep. ad Serap., De Spiritu Sancto ; Greg. Nyss., Contr. Apoll. 6 , 25; Rufinus, Exp. Symb .; Tertullian, De Carne Christi and Contr. Prax. ; Hilary, De Trin. II. 26 .

3 Basil, Christi Nativ .

3 Cyril, Apolog. 5 and 8 anathem .

3 Cf. Greg. Naz., I Ep. ad Cledon ; Cyril, I Ep. ad Nestor. ; Theodor., ep. ad Joan. Antioch ., &c.

3 Cyril., Epist. ad Monach .

3 Procl., Epist. 2 ad Arm .

3 rhn oijkonomivan , the oeconomy , the Incarnation .

3 Cod. R. 2428 adds here some statements taken from the Dissertation against the Nestorians .

3 kata; Monofusitw`n : these words are absent in mss.

4 Cf. Eulogius and also Polemon in the Collect. Contr. Severianos .

4 Max. Epist. ad Joan. cubic. p. 279 .

4 Ibid. p. 286.

4 ejx ejtevrwn ta; aujtav .

4 Cf. Niceph. Call., Hist. xviii. 46 .

4 Eulog. apud Max ., t. ii. p. 145.

4 Cf. Sever., Ep. 2 ad Joannem .

4 Anast. Siniata, in JOdhgw` , ch. 9; Leontius, contr. Nest. et Entych .

4 Greg. Naz., Ep. ad Cled., I .

4 to;n aujto;n ejpidevcontai lo;gon th`" fuvsew" ; perhaps— all admit the same account of the nature,—all can be dealt with in the same way in respect of nature .

5 Leontius, Contr. Sev. et Eutych. Max. loc. cit., p. 277.

5 Reading w[sper ejpi; ajtovmou , &c. These words are omitted in Cod. S. Hil. Reg. 10, Colb. 3, and N.

5 h[ suvgkrasin, h] ajnavkrasin . The mss. omit the latter.

5 The word Eujruchv" . however, is omitted by the best copies.

5 Procl., Epist. 2 ad Arm .

5 Greg. Naz., Hom. 5 . See also John’s Dialect., 65.

5 Leo papa, Epist. 10, ch. 4 .

5 kata; to;n ajntidovsew" trovpon , in the way of a communication of properties .

5 dia` th`n eij" a[llhla tw`n merw`h pericwvrhsin . See Leont., De Sect., 7, Contr. Nest. et Eutych., I .

5 Leo papa, epist. 10, ch. 4 .

6 1 Cor. ii. 8.

6 St. John iii. 13.

6 Cf. Athan., De Salut. adv. Christi ; Greg. Naz., Orat. 38 ; Greg. Nyss., Contr. Apoll. ; Leont., Contr. Nestor. et Eutych., bk. I ; Thomas Aquinas, III., quaest. 16, art. 4 , 5.

6 ei]do" , form, class, species .

6 Ps. xlv. 7.

6 Job i. I.

6 ajei; ajnaitivw" ejk Patrov" .

6 Greg. Naz., Orat. 35 .

6 I Cor. ii. 8.

6 Baruch iii. 38: these words are absent in many mss.

7 Leont., Resp. ad argum. Sever .

7 For kai; th` aijtiarh` kai; uji>kh`, kai; th` aijtiath` kai; ejkporeuth` we get kai; th` aijtiatikh`, kai; poreuth ’ in Cod. Colb. I, Cod. Reg. 3, and so Faber also.

7 oijkonomiva" , incarnation .

7 Leont., Resp. ad argum. Sever .

7 See Leont., Act. 7. De Sect ., with reference to one of the arguments of the Nestorians; also Greg. Naz., Orat. 36 ; Max., Ep. I ad Joan. Cubic .

7 Infr. ch. vii.: Basil, Epist. 40 and Bk. De Spir. Sanct ch. 17

7 ei\do" , form, class, species .

7 These words are gound only in Cod. Reg. 2927 .

7 The words ou`siva paqhthv and pevponqe are omitted in some editions.

7 Against Arias, Apollinaris, and the Severians.

8 Col. ii. 9.

8 Dion., De div. nom., ch. 2 .

8 Athan., De salut. adv. Christ: Greg. Naz., Epist. I ad Cled. et Orat. I : Cyril, in John viii .

8 Cf. Greg. Naz., Orat. I, &c.

8 Greg., Orat. I, 38–51 .

8 pericwrei`tai ujpo tou kreivttono" .

8 Infr ., ch. xviii.

8 ou suvnoiko" . It is proposed to read aujtou` suvnoiko" , or wj" suvnoiko" .

8 Greg., Epist. I ad Cled .

8 Athan., De salut. adv. Christ .

9 Ephes. ii. 6.

9 Text, ujpemfaivnonte" . Variant, ejmfaivnomen .

9 ajparch;n tou` hjmerevrou furavmato" .

9 suvnqeton genesqai th;n proteron ajplh`n ou\san tou` Lovgou ujpovsttasin, suvnqeton de; ejk duvo telei;wn fuvsewn .

9 Text, kai; crovnw kuhvsew" . Various readings, kai trovpw kuhvsew": kai; crovnw kai; kuhvsew" .

9 Cf. Ruf., Expos. symb .; Epiph ., in the epilogue to his De Haer .; Joan. Scyth., Epist. Dionys. 4 .

9 Maria" is absent in most mss.

9 Expositio fidei a Patribus Nicaenis contra Paul. Samos. III. p. conc. Ephes.

9 Commonit. ad Eulog. et Epist. 2 ad Succes .; cf. supr. ch. vi. et infr. ch. xi.

9 o[lo" me;n ou\u ejsti Qeo;" te;leio", oujc o[lon de; Oeov"

1 o[lo" .

1 o[lon .

1 o[lo" .

1 Greg. Naz., Orat. 51 .

1 the following is added in R. 2927: ejn pa`si me;n h\n, kai; ujpe;r ta; pavnta, kai ejn th gavstri th`" Qeomhvtoro", ajllÃ ejn taujth te, ejnergeva th`" sarkwvsew" . This is assuredly and interpolation.

1 u. supr . ch. iii.

1 Leontius de sectis, Act. 3 .

1 Directed against the Severians. See Leont., De Sect., Act. 7 ; Greg. Naz., Orat. 37 .

1 upo; to; sunece;" po;son ajna`gontai aij tou` Kurivou fuvdei", h] ijpo to; diwrismevnon .

1 Text, ajnavgontai . Variants, ajnafevrointo and diafevrointo .

1 miva ejpifavneia .

1 Cyril, De Anath. 8 cont. Theod.

1 The Apollinarians attacked the orthodox as ajnqrwpolavtrai , man-worshippers , and as making the Trinity a Quaternity by their doctrine of two perfect natures in Christ. see greg. Naz., Ep. I ad Cied.; Athanas., Ep. ad Epictet.; Anastas. Anitioch., De Operationibus; Cyril, Contr. Nestor. et Eutych. I.; John of Dam., Dialect. 29.

1 See Migne on the position of this section.

1 Another allegation of the Severian party is in view here. see Leont., De Sect., Act. 7, Contr. Nestor. et Eutych. I .; John of Dam., Dialect. 29 .

1 Leont., De sect., Act 7 .

1 Dam., Epist. ad Jord. Archim .

1 Text, blavsfhmon . Variant, blasfhmivan .

1 1 Cor. viii. 5.

1 These words which refer to the Holy Spirit are absent in R. 2930 and in I Cor. viii., but are present in other Codices and in Basil, De Spirit. Sancto , and in Greg. Nazianz., Orat. 39 , and further in the Damascene himself Parallel , and elsewhere, and could not be omitted here.

1 Orat. 39.

1 Rom. xi. 36.

1 Vid. Epist. ad Jordan .

1 Orat. 42 . at the beginning.

1 Epist. ad Petrum Fullonem ; Theoph., Ad Arn. 5930.

1 See Niceph. Call., Hist. xviii. 51 .

1 Conc. Chal., Act. I , at the end.

1 In Cod. S. Hil. is written above the line h[ qehlavtou ojrgh`" pauvsei , which explains the author’s meaning.

1 Niceph. Call., Hist. xviii. 51 , speaks of this Hymn and also the fw`" ijlarovn as coming from the Apostles themselves. The writer of the Life of Basil supposed to be Amphilochius of Iconium, declares that the Trisagium was recited by Basil at Nicaea.

1 h] yilh` qewriva katanoei`tai .

1 This division is absent in some copies and is not restored in the old translation, but is not superfluous.

1 St. John i. 14.

1 tou` sidhvrou is absent in some codices and also in the old translation.

1 th;n oijkonomijan , the incarnation .

1 hj kaq1 hjmav" oujsiva .

1 Supr. ch. 6 and 7

1 Leont., De sect. Act. 8 .

1 Cyril, Defens. II., Anath. cont. Thoed .

1 oj Qeo;" morfou`rai, h[toi oujsioutai to; ajllovtrion . Gregory of Nazianzum in his Carmen used the term oujsiou`sqai of the word after the assumption of our nature. See also Dionys., De div. nom., ch. 2 ; Ep. ad Carmen, 4 ; &c.

1 Dion., De div. nom., ch. 8 .

1 See especially Greg. Naz., Ep. I ad Cled. ; Theod., Haer. fab., v. 18 .

1 Greg. Naz., Epist. I. ad Cledon .

1 Ibid .

1 Infr. ch. 18.

1 1 Cor. xv. 21.

1 Greg. Naz., ibid .

1 1 Cor. xv. 47.

1 Gal. iv. 4.

1 cristotovko" , as opposed to qeotovko" .

1 Cyril, ad Monachos, Epist. I .

1 wj" ejphreazomevnhn is absent in Vegelinus.

1 i.e. Anointed One .

1 qeofovro" , Deigerus. See Greg. Naz., Ep. 2 , ad Cied. Basil , De Spir. Sanc., ch. 5 , &c.

1 Cyril, cont. Nest., bk. I .

1 ajeiv is absent in Vegelinus.

1 oijkonomiva" lovgw , by reason of the incarnation .

1 Reading ginovmena , for which Cod. R. 2930 gives uJph`rcon .

1 Leo, Epist. 10, ad Flavian .

1 Max., Disp. cum Pyrrho .

1 Supr., bk. ii. ch. 22 .

1 oijkonomiva" . incarnation .

1 Max., Dial. cum Pyrrho ; Anast . in JOdhgov" , ch. 6, p. 40.

1 to; mevn ajplw`" qe;leinm qevlhsi", h[toi hj qelhtikh; duvnami" .

1 o[rexi" .

1 qevlhton , willed, the thing willed .

1 qevlhma gnwmikovn . dispositional volition, will of judgment.

1 qelhtikovn , volitive . volitivum. volitive , is the Scholastic translation qelhtikovn .

1 Max., Dial. cum Pyrrh .

1 Max., ibid .

1 qelhtikov" , endowed with volition.

1 qevlhsi" , will .

1 qelhtikov" .

1 kai; kata; tou`to oij Patevre" to; hjmevteron ejn ejautw` tupw`sai aujto`n e[fhsan qevlhma : and according to this the Fathers said that He typified, moulded, had the form of our will in Himself.

1 Greg. Nyss., Cont. Apollin and others, Act. 10, sext. syn.

1 Max., Agatho pap. Epist. Syn. in VI Syn., Act. 4 .

1 St. Mark vii. 24

1 Max., ibid .

1 St. Matt. xxvii. 33 and 34; St. John xix. 28 and 29

1 ejmpaqhv" , passible, sensible, possessed of sensibility.

1 pavqo" , sensibility .

1 In N. is added: kai; ei; e;n th` hjmevra to` pavqou" levgei J Pavter, eij dunato;n, parelqevtw to; pothvrion touto ajpj ejmou`. Plh;n oujc wj" ejgw; qevlw, ajll J wj" suv. ÃIdou` duvo qelhvsei", qei>kh; a[ma kai; ajnqrwpivnh .

1 Phil. ii. 8.

1 Max., ut supr .

1 tw`n ujpo; cei`ra ga;r tau`ta .

1 Orat. 36, some distance from the beginning.

1 Max., Disp. cum Pyrrh.

1 wj" suntrecouvsh" tq e[cei th`" proceirivsew" , the choice, or decision, being synchronous with the moral disposition.

1 Max., Disp. cum Pyrrh .

1 prw`ton me;n, o[ti aij sunqevsei" tw`n ejn uJpostavsei o[ntwn, kai; ouj tw`n ejtevrw lovgw, kai; ouj iudivw qewroumevnwn eijsiv .

1 Max., Dial. cum Pyrrh .

1 Max., Epist. ad marin.

1 proaivresi" .

1 Basil, on Ps. xliv., or rather on Isiah vii.

1 Is. vii. 16, sec. LXX.

1 Fusikai; men gavr eijsin aiJ ajretaiv ; cf. Cicero, De leg. I.

1 Supr., bk. ii., ch. 30.

2 Max., Dial. cum Pyrrh .

2 Gen. i. 26.

2 1Cor. vii. 25.

2 Ps. lxxiii. 3.

2 Dan. ii. 15. peri; tivno" djxh`lqen hj gnwvmh hJ ajnaidh;" au[th . In our A.V., Why is the decree so hasty from the king ?

2 Text, kata; ei[kosi ojktw ;: Variants, kata; koinou` , kata; poluv , secunda multa (old trans.), and secundum plurima (Faber). Maximus gave 28 meanings of gnwvmh .

2 Cf. Anast., De operationibus, I.; Joan. Scyth, Con. Sever. VIII., &c.

2 Supr. bk. ii.: Max., Dial. cum Pyrrh.

2 Orat. 37, near the beginning.

2 Anast. Antioch., De operationibus .

2 kai; aujto; to; ajpotelouvmenon ; cf. Max., ad Marin. II.

2 Max. tom. ii., Dogmat. ad Marin., p. 124.

2 St. Matt. viii. 3.

2 St. John vi. 11.

2 See Act. 10 sextae synodi.

2 Text, qehgovrou" . Variant, qeofovrou" .

2 Orat. de natura et hyp. Also in Basil. 43.

2 Max., Dial. cum Pyrrh.

2 St. John v. 17.

2 Ibid. 19.

2 Ibid. x. 38.

2 Ibid. v. 36.

2 Ibid. 21.

2 Max., ibid .

2 Maxim., lib. De duab. vol. et Dial. cum Pyrrh.

2 St. Luke viii. 54; Max., Dial. cum Pyrrh.

2 Max., ibid .

2 Text, hJ de; kata; fuvsin ejnevrgeia . Variant, eij dev .

2 Hom. 1 .

2 Thes., xxxii., ch. 2; Act. 10, sextae Synodi.

2 The Monotheletes made much of the case of the raising of the daughter of Jairus. See Cyril, In Joan., p. 351; Max., Dial. cum Pyrrh., Epist. ad Nicand., epist. ad Mon. Sicil.; Scholiast in Collect. cont. Severum, ch. 20.

2 oi;kouomw`" , in incarnate form.

2 Leo, Epist. cit .

2 ouj ga;r ajfV eJautou; pro;" ta; fusika; pajqh th;n oJrmh;n ejpoiei`to oujdÃ aujth;n ejk tw`n luph w`n aJformh;n kai; paraivthsin .

2 The term is morfhv , as in Phil. ii. 6, 7.

2 Dion., ch. 2, De div. nom. et Epist. 4.

2 Max., Dial. cum Pyrrh.

2 See the reply of Maximus in the Dialogue cum Pyrrh.

2 Gen. i. 31.

2 Max., Opusc. Polem., pp. 31, 32.

2 Leo, Epist. 10.

2 St. Matt. iv. 2.

2 Nyss., adv. Apoll.

2 Chrysost., Hom. in s. Thom.

2 diÃ ajntwnumiva" .

2 Cyril, in Joan., bk. viii.

2 This is directed to another argument of the Severians. Cf. Leont., De Sect., 7, Contr. Nest. et Eutych., I.

2 Epist. 2 ad Serap., towards the end; Collect., as above, c. 19.

2 Anast., Collect., ch. 19.

2 Epist. 1, ad Cledon.

2 Orat. 4, not far from the beginning.

2 Cf. Greg. Naz., Orat. 38, 39, 42, 51; Niceph., C.P. adv. Ep. Euseb., c. 50; Euthym., Panopl., II. 7.

2 Greg., Orat. 42.

2 Id., Orat. 39; Max. bk. De duabus voluntatibus.

2 Max., Epist. ad Nicandr.

2 Greg. Naz., Orat. 36.

2 Ibid. 35, p. 595.

2 St. Mark vii. 24.

2 St. Matt. viii. 3.

2 Greg. Naz., Orat. 42.

2 Against the Apollinarians and the Monotheletes. Cf. Max., ut supra, II. p. 151.

2 Greg. Naz., Carm. sen. adv. Apollin., Epist. ad Cled., and elsewhere.

2 See also ch. 6 above, and Gregory’s lines against the Apollinarians.

2 St. John i. 14.

2 Gen. xlvi. 27, ap. LXX.; Acts vii. 14.

2 Is. xl. 5; St. Luke iii. 6.

2 St. John viii. 40.

2 Sophron., Epist. Synod.

2 See Cyril, In Joann., ch. x.

2 St. Matt. xxvi. 39; St. Luke xxii. 22.

2 Ibid.

2 Max., Dial. cum Pyrrh.; Greg. Naz., Ep. 1, ad Cledon.

2 Dionys., Epist. 4, ad Caium.

2 See Severus, Ep. 3, ad Joann. Hegum.; Anastas., Sinait. Hodegus, p. 240

2 Max., Dial. cum Pyrrh.

2 Leo, Epist. 1 ad Flav.

2 Perhaps from Joann. Scythop., bk. viii.; cf. Niceph., C.P. Antirrh., III. 59.

2 Max., Dogm. ad Marin., p. 43.

2 Or, sensibilities .

2 Cf. Greg. Nyss., Contr. Apoll.; Leont., De Sect., Act. 10; Anastas., Hodegus, 13. &c.

2 Cf. Athanas., De Salut., Adventu Christi.

2 Greg. Naz., Orat. 36.

2 Photius, Cod. 230; Eulog., bk. x., Ep. 35; Sophron., Ep. ad Serg.; Leont., De Sect., Act. 10.

2 Cf. Sophron., Ep. ad. Serg., who refers to the Duliani ( ÃDoulianoiv ); the opinions of Felix and Elipandas, condemned at the Synod of Frankfort; and Thomas Aquinas, III., Quoest. 20, Art. 1.

2 Greg. Naz., Orat. 24.

2 Gal. iv. 7.

2 Col. ii. 3.

2 St. Luke ii. 52.

2 Athanas., Contr. Arian., bk. iv.; Greg. Naz., Ep. I. ad Cled., and Orat. 20; Cyril, Contr. Nest., bk. iii.; Greg. Nyss., Contr. Apoll., II. 28, &c.

2 Text has peiqomai : surely it should be peiqovmenoi .

2 1 Tim. i. 1.

2 Max., Dial. cum Pyrrh.

2 St. John xii. 27.

2 S. Athanas., De salutari adventu Christi, contra Apollinarem towards the end.

2 St. Matt., Greg. Naz, Orat. 36

2 St. Matt. iii. 15