1 The righteous perisheth, and no man considereth it in heart: and mercifull men are taken away, and no man vnderstandeth that the righteous is taken away from the euill to come.
Jerome · AD 420 (Chapter 57, Verses 1-2) The righteous perish, and there is no one who takes it to heart; the men of mercy are gathered, but there is no one who understands; for the righteous is taken away from the face of evil. Let peace come; let him rest in his bed who walks in his integrity.
Gregory the Dialogist · AD 604 The malice and wickedness of them that remain behind in the world deserveth that those should quickly be taken away, who by their life might much help us: and for as much as the world draweth towards an end, God's chosen servants are taken out of it, that they fall not into more wicked times: and therefore from hence it cometh that the prophet saith: "The just man doth perish,…
Thomas Aquinas · AD 1274 The just perishes. Here he shows the difference between those who obey divine counsels and those who do not obey, as to deliverance from dangers. And first, he assigns the difference, second, he sets out the confirmation of each part: but he that puts his trust in me (Isa 57:13).
2 Peace shall come: they shall rest in their beds, euery one that walketh before him.
Thomas Aquinas · AD 1274 Second, he promises them rest: let peace come, let him rest in his bed, that is, he will be secure in his own home, or in the repose of his own heart: you shall know that your tabernacle is in peace (Job 5:24).
3 But you witches children, come hither, the seede of the adulterer and of the whore.
Jerome · AD 420 (Vers. 3, 4.) But you come here, sons of a fortune teller: whose seed have you played with? Whose mouth have you opened wide, and whose tongue have you cast out? LXX: But you come here, wicked sons, seed of adulterers and prostitutes, with whom have you played? Whose mouth have you opened: and whose tongue have you cast out?
Thomas Aquinas · AD 1274 But draw near hither. Here he takes away from the unjust hope of deliverance. And first, he alleges their sin; second, he takes away their confidence of deliverance: I will declare your justice (Isa 57:12).
4 On whome haue ye iested? vpon whome haue ye gaped and thrust out your tongue? are not ye rebellious children, and a false seede?
Jerome · AD 420 (Verse 4, 5.) Are you not wicked children, a deceitful seed, who console yourselves in gods beneath every leafy tree, sacrificing little ones in the torrents under threatening ((Vulg. lofty)) rocks? LXX: Are you not sons of perdition: an unjust seed, who call upon idols beneath leafy trees, sacrificing your sons in the valleys amidst the rocks?
Thomas Aquinas · AD 1274 First, he accuses them of blasphemy, setting out the custom of sin, inasmuch as they imitate their fathers in this: you sons of the sorceress, who tended to auguries against my commandment, the seed of the adulterer, inasmuch as they abandoned me and adhered to idols: judge your mother, judge her (Hos 2:2). He also sets out the species of sin: upon whom have you jested?
5 Inflamed with idoles vnder euery greene tree? and sacrificing the children in the valleys vnder the tops of the rocks?
Cyril of Alexandria · AD 444 This shows them to be those who detest God, having a sick hatred for him and ready to eat blood. There was nothing new in this; it was a long established custom.
Thomas Aquinas · AD 1274 Second, he accuses them of idolatry. And first, he sets out the custom: are not you wicked children, above: woe to the sinful nation, a wicked people, ungracious children (Isa 1:4); second, he sets out the species of sin: who seek your comfort in idols.
6 Thy portion is in the smooth stones of the riuer: they, they are thy lot: euen to them hast thou powred a drinke offering: thou hast offered a sacrifice. Should I delite in these?
Jerome · AD 420 (Verse 6.) In the parts of the torrent is your portion: this is your fate, and you have poured out libations for them, you have offered sacrifices. Shall I not be angry with these things? LXX: This is your portion, this is your fate: and for them you have poured out libations and prepared sacrifices. Shall I not be angry with these things?
Thomas Aquinas · AD 1274 Second, their love of sin: in the parts of the torrent is your portion, as if to say: you have reckoned this to be your lot: let none of us go without his part in luxury: let us every where leave tokens of joy: for this is our portion, and this our lot (Wis 2:9).
7 Thou hast made thy bed vpon a very hie mountaine: thou wentest vp thither, euen thither wentest thou to offer sacrifice.
Jerome · AD 420 (Verse 7.) You have placed your dwelling on a high and lofty mountain, and there you ascended to offer sacrifices. And behind the door and beyond the threshold, you have set up your memorial. The Septuagint says the same.
Thomas Aquinas · AD 1274 Upon a high and lofty mountain. Here he sets out the lofty places in which they sacrificed: your bed; he says this in likeness to a harlot, who prostitutes herself to lovers: they made them statues (2 Kgs 17:10) and committed fornication in them.
8 Behinde the doores also and postes hast thou set vp thy remembrance: for thou hast discouered thy selfe to another then me, and wentest vp, and diddest enlarge thy bed, and make a couenant betweene thee and them, and louedst their bed in euery place where thou sawest it.
Jerome · AD 420 First, let us discuss the Hebrew text, which differs greatly from the LXX in this passage. As mentioned above, to the place where it says: 'You have set your bed on a high and lofty mountain,' and it accuses and rebukes her as a prostitute, in the entrance of houses and in dark places, a harlot behind the doors, so that anyone who wished to enter the house would have the pleasu…
Theodoret of Cyrus · AD 458 "You have made a bargain for yourselves with them" means, "You have united with many demons, and you have followed their laws, and you have covenanted to serve each one."
Thomas Aquinas · AD 1274 And behind the door. Here he designates familiar places, for they would place idols next to the entrance of their houses, so that they might better hold them in memory: he brought me in the vision of God into Jerusalem, near the inner gate, that looked toward the north, where was set the idol of jealousy to provoke to jealousy (Ezek 8:3).
9 Thou wentest to the Kings with oyle, and diddest increase thine oyntments and sende thy messengers farre off, and diddest humble thy selfe vnto hell.
Jerome · AD 420 (Verse 9.) Because you uncovered yourself beside me and took in an adulterer, you spread your bed and made a covenant with them. You loved their bed openly and adorned yourself with royal ointment and multiplied your perfumes. You sent your messengers afar and lowered yourself even to the depths. You thought that if you would depart from me, you would have more.
Thomas Aquinas · AD 1274 Second, as to eagerness to please, because they adorned themselves: and you have adorned yourself for the king with ointment, and have multiplied your perfumes, that is, using my incense for worshipping them: I have perfumed your bed with incense (Prov 7:17).
10 Thou weariedst thy selfe in thy manifolde iourneys, yet saydest thou not, There is no hope: thou hast found life by thine hand, therefore thou wast not grieued.
Jerome · AD 420 (Verse 10) In the multitude of your ways you have labored, and you have not said: I will rest. You have found life in your hands, therefore you did not ask me to be silent (Vulgate: you remain silent). LXX: In many journeys you have labored, and you have not said, I will cease: you have made these strengthen. Therefore, you did not ask me.
Cyril of Alexandria · AD 444 But how could it not have been necessary to act as a suppliant and ask God for mercy when you had dared to commit such shameful and foul deeds? For he receives those who wish to repent. He is good by nature, and he knows our substance, as it is written.
Thomas Aquinas · AD 1274 You have been wearied in the multitude of your ways. Here he shows their obstinacy in sin. First, because they were not recalled by the labor of sin: you have been wearied in the multitude of your ways, that is, in the manifold cult of idols: we wearied ourselves in the way of iniquity and destruction (Wis 5:7).
11 And whome diddest thou reuerence or feare, seeing thou hast lyed vnto me, and hast not remembred me, neither set thy minde thereon? is it not because I holde my peace, and that of long time? therefore thou fearest not me.
Jerome · AD 420 (Verse 11.) For what reason did you fear anxiously? Because you lied and did not remember me, nor did you think in your heart? For I was silent and as if not seeing, and you forgot about me. LXX: Whom you feared, you were greatly terrified, and you lied to me, and you did not remember me. Nor did you place me in your mind and in your heart.
Thomas Aquinas · AD 1274 Third, because you were not recalled by divine awaiting: nor thought on me in your heart; for I am silent, overlooking your sins, waiting for you, to show you mercy: you overlook the sins of men for the sake of repentance (Wis 11:24), above: I have always held my peace, I have kept silence (Isa 42:14).
12 I will declare thy righteousnes and thy workes, and they shall not profite thee.
Jerome · AD 420 (Verse 12.) I will proclaim your righteousness, and your deeds will not benefit you. When you cry out, let your congregations deliver you. LXX: I will proclaim your righteousness and your evils, which will not benefit you. When you cry out, let them snatch you out of your tribulation.
Thomas Aquinas · AD 1274 I will declare your justice, which you do, or which you ought to receive; your works, idols: the works of those who trust in idols shall not profit them.
13 When thou cryest, let them that thou hast gathered together deliuer thee: but the winde shall take them all away: vanitie shall pull them away: but he that trusteth in me, shall inherite the lande, and shall possesse mine holy Mountaine.
Jerome · AD 420 (Verse 13, 14.) And the wind will carry them away: the breeze will lift them. But those who have confidence in me will inherit the land and possess my holy mountain. And I will say, Make a way, offer a path, turn aside from the path, remove stumbling blocks from my people's way. LXX: For the wind will carry away all of them, and the tempest will take them away.
Augustine of Hippo · AD 430 This, as I have said, is obscure: "shall possess the land and inhabit my holy mountain." After all, if we take it literally and materialistically, we won't be cleansing ourselves from every defilement of flesh and spirit; and God will have procured for us to no purpose the conjunction of the end of the reading from the prophet with the beginning of the reading from the apostle,…
Thomas Aquinas · AD 1274 Your companies, gathered from various nations: let them arise and help you, and protect you in your distress (Deut 32:38). But he that puts his trust in me. Here he confirms the difference between the just and the unjust. And first, as to the just; second, as to the unjust, but the wicked are like the raging sea (Isa 57:20).
14 And he shall say, Cast vp, cast vp: prepare the way: take vp the stumbling blocks out of the way of my people.
Ephrem the Syrian · AD 373 "And it shall be said, 'Remove every obstruction from my people's way.' " Probably he said these words with regard to the Jewish Zealots, who killed their fellow citizens, because they had lapsed into idolatry and had been an obstacle for their fellows in the days of the Greeks.
Thomas Aquinas · AD 1274 And as to the expediting of their way: and I will say, namely, to the princes of the Medes: make a way, freeing them, give free passage, giving them liberty to return to their land, turn out of the path, so that you will not impede us, take away the stumbling blocks, so that others will not do so either: take the stones out of the way (Jer 50:26).
15 For thus sayth he that is hie and excellent, he that inhabiteth the eternitie, whose Name is the Holy one, I dwell in the high and holy place: with him also that is of a contrite and humble spirite to reuiue the spirite of the humble, and to giue life to them that are of a contrite heart.
Theodore of Heraclea · AD 355 By these names the kindness of God shows that he is supreme. For those sharing in these titles have made him to be low, consorting with idols and demons. Although he is holy, these people blaspheme his name with evil desires and deeds that are not honorable.
Cyril of Alexandria · AD 444 The blessed prophets, when the Lord of the universe promises what is great and godly to them, were filled with much wonder at his glory and clemency and, as if responding from excitement, they run to give praise. We find the prophet doing precisely that here.
Thomas Aquinas · AD 1274 Who dwells in the high and holy place: but you dwell in the holy place, the praise of Israel (Ps 21:4[22:3]). And as to divine love: and with a contrite and humble spirit: a contrite and humbled heart, O God, you will not despise (Ps 50:19[51:17]).
16 For I will not contende for euer, neither will I be alwayes wroth, for the spirite should fayle before me: and I haue made the breath.
Jerome · AD 420 (Verse 16.) I will not contend forever, nor will I be angry to the end: for the spirit will go forth from my presence, and I will make breath. LXX: I will not take vengeance on you forever, nor will I be angry with you always. For the spirit will go forth from me, and I have made every breath.
Cassiodorus · AD 585 It is easier for the Lord to restrain his anger, which we know is remote from his tranquility; but we should believe that he is more inclined to mercy, which is never detached from his majesty.… So he will not restrain his mercy in anger, but rather he will refrain from anger in mercy, as long as devoted conversion is forthcoming in this world.
Thomas Aquinas · AD 1274 Second, he assigns the reason from the purification of sin, promising forgiveness: for I will not contend for ever: he will not always be angry: nor will he threaten for ever (Ps 102[103]:9).
17 For his wicked couetousnesse I am angry with him, and haue smitten him: I hid mee and was angry, yet he went away, and turned after the way of his owne heart.
Jerome · AD 420 Because of the wickedness of his greed, I became angry and struck him; I hid myself and was indignant, and he went on his way grieving (Vulgate: he went astray). LXX: Because of sin I have afflicted him for a little while, and struck him: and I turned my face away from him, and he was saddened and walked sadly in his ways.
Thomas Aquinas · AD 1274 And he adds the reason, setting out justice fulfilled in punishing: for the iniquity of his covetousness I was angry, and I struck him: I hid my face, that I might not give help, and he went away wandering, like a sheep without a shepherd: shall he reprove you for fear, and come with you into judgment, and not for your manifold wickedness and your infinite iniquities?
18 I haue seene his wayes, and wil heale him: I wil leade him also, and restore comfort vnto him, and to those that lament him.
John Chrysostom · AD 407 For such is the loving-kindness of God; he never turns his face away from a sincere repentance, but if any one has pushed on to the very extremity of wickedness and chooses to return afterwards toward the path of virtue, God accepts and welcomes and does everything so as to restore him to his former position.
Ishodad of Merv · AD 850 "Creating for his mourners the fruit of the lips," that is, at this stage they will not use anymore their outrages and blasphemies against me, but praises, which are convenient to these facts. Others assert, I made them live in perfect security, and this is the reason why they will be led to holiness.
Thomas Aquinas · AD 1274 And he promises mercy in saving them, I saw his ways, with eyes of mercy, and restored comforts to him, as to the princes, and to them that mourn for him, as to the people; or to him, as to the Jews, or as to foreigners joined to them; or as to the land and its inhabitants: who forgives all your iniquities: who heals all your diseases (Ps 102[103]:3).
19 I create the fruite of the lips, to be peace: peace vnto them that are farre off, and to them that are neere, sayth the Lord: for I will heale him.
Apostolic Constitutions · AD 380 It is our duty to be at peace in our own minds, for the person who does not find any disorder in himself will not quarrel with another but will be peaceable, friendly, gathering the Lord's people and a fellow worker with him, in order to increase the number of those who shall be saved in unanimity.
Augustine of Hippo · AD 430 Through love of this true life you ought, then, to consider yourself desolate in this world, no matter what happiness you enjoy.
Thomas Aquinas · AD 1274 Third, he confirms their deliverance from the predictions of the prophets: I created, as though restoring them from nothing; the fruit of the lips, of the prophets who foretold these things, peace to him that is far off, dispersed in captivity: and coming, he preached peace to them that were nigh: and to them that were afar off (Eph 2:17).
20 But the wicked are like the raging sea, that can not rest, whose waters cast vp myre and dirt.
Jerome · AD 420 But the wicked are like a boiling sea that cannot rest, and its waves churn up mire and filth. There is no peace, says God, for the wicked. LXX: But the wicked will waver and cannot rest. There is no joy for the wicked, says the Lord God. But the wicked and the unjust will be tossed like a boiling sea and will never be able to rest.
Thomas Aquinas · AD 1274 But the wicked are like the raging sea. Here he confirms what he had said about the wicked through a certain similitude. And first, he sets out the similitude itself: raging, that is, always fluctuating; and the waves thereof cast up dirt and mire, to the shore, where they make mire and are trampled: he shall make the deep sea to boil like a pot (Job 41:22).
21 There is no peace, sayth my God, to the wicked.
Augustine of Hippo · AD 430 For that joy that is after the fashion of the world is not true joy. Hear the prophet Isaiah: "There is no joy, says my God, to the wicked." What the wicked call joy is not joy, such as he [David] knew, who made no account of their joy; let us believe him, brothers. He was a man, but he knew both kinds of joy.
Thomas Aquinas · AD 1274 And he deduces a proposition: there is no peace to the wicked, namely, that they may be saved, above (Isa 48:22) has the same.