Acts 16 · The Lantern

κατηντησεν δε εις δερβην και λυστραν και ιδου μαθητης τις ην εκει ονοματι τιμοθεος υιος γυναικος τινος ιουδαιας πιστης πατρος δε ελληνος

ος εμαρτυρειτο υπο των εν λυστροις και ικονιω αδελφων

τουτον ηθελησεν ο παυλος συν αυτω εξελθειν και λαβων περιετεμεν αυτον δια τους ιουδαιους τους οντας εν τοις τοποις εκεινοις ηδεισαν γαρ απαντες τον πατερα αυτου οτι ελλην υπηρχεν

Whatever … [the gnostic] has in his mind, he bears on his tongue, to those who are worthy to hear, speaking as well as living from assent and inclination. For he both thinks and speaks the truth; unless at any time, medicinally, as a physician for the safety of the sick, he may deceive or tell an untruth, according to the Sophists.

And what (then)? Mark the success: he circumcised, that he might take away circumcision: for he preached the decrees of the Apostles. He was about to make him a bishop, and it was not meet that he should be uncircumcised. Since therefore he was about to preach, that he might not smite the Jews a double blow, he circumcised Timothy.

"Taking him, he circumcised him for the sake of the Jews." The wisdom of Paul is worthy of great admiration. He who so championed against the circumcision of the Gentiles and who drove everything forward until the question was resolved, circumcised his own disciple. He not only did not forbid this to others, but even did it himself.

ως δε διεπορευοντο τας πολεις παρεδιδουν αυτοις φυλασσειν τα δογματα τα κεκριμενα υπο των αποστολων και των πρεσβυτερων των εν ιερουσαλημ

"And as they went through the cities, they delivered them the decrees for to keep, that were ordained of the Apostles and elders which were at Jerusalem. And so were the Churches established in the faith, and increased in number daily." Dost thou mark fighting, and by fighting, edification?

He called the abstaining of the sacrifices "doctrines," from sexual immorality and from blood, and from what is strangled; which he sees as a condition for canonical life. For these order a temperate life and are fitting for rational people.

They say that "they delivered the decrees to the faithful to observe," they delivered not the mysteries of the incarnation, but the instructions "to abstain from things offered to idols, and from blood, and from things strangled, and from fornication" (Acts 15:29) — everything that pertains to the ordering of a proper life.

αι μεν ουν εκκλησιαι εστερεουντο τη πιστει και επερισσευον τω αριθμω καθ ημεραν

διελθοντες δε την φρυγιαν και την γαλατικην χωραν κωλυθεντες υπο του αγιου πνευματος λαλησαι τον λογον εν τη ασια

"Now when they had gone throughout Phrygia and the region of Galatia, and were forbidden of the Holy Ghost to preach the word in Asia," having left Phrygia and Galatia, they hastened into the interior.

They were forbidden by the Holy Spirit to speak the word in Asia, etc., up to Passing into Macedonia, help us. Truly the Lord is terrible in counsel above the sons of men. One promises to follow the Master in everything and is not allowed; another, commanded to follow, does not get the requested leave for burial of his father. Saul is drawn in, invincible and resisting.

"They were not permitted by the Holy Spirit to preach the word in Asia." Why they were forbidden to preach in Asia, he does not say, but that it was forbidden to them, he did say, teaching us thereby to obey and not to demand an account, and showing that often they also acted in a human manner.

ελθοντες κατα την μυσιαν επειραζον κατα την βιθυνιαν πορευεσθαι και ουκ ειασεν αυτους το πνευμα

παρελθοντες δε την μυσιαν κατεβησαν εις τρωαδα

και οραμα δια της νυκτος ωφθη τω παυλω ανηρ τις ην μακεδων εστως παρακαλων αυτον και λεγων διαβας εις μακεδονιαν βοηθησον ημιν

Listen, shepherds of the churches! Listen, God's shepherds! His angel always comes down from heaven and proclaims to you, "Today a Savior is born for you, who is Christ the Lord." For, unless that Shepherd comes, the shepherd of the churches will be unable to guard the flock well. Their custody is weak, unless Christ pastures and guards it along with them.

No longer through an angel as with Philip or Cornelius, but through a vision it appears to Paul more humanly. For there persuasion is easy, more human; there, however, great force, more divine. Since he was only about to preach, it appears to him as a dream for this purpose. But he did not presume to preach; for by this the Holy Spirit reveals.

"There was a vision to Paul in the night: a certain man, a Macedonian, stood before him, asking him and saying." No longer through an Angel, as with Philip and Cornelius, but in a vision Paul receives the revelation — in a more human manner.

ως δε το οραμα ειδεν ευθεως εζητησαμεν εξελθειν εις την μακεδονιαν συμβιβαζοντες οτι προσκεκληται ημας ο κυριος ευαγγελισασθαι αυτους

"And after he had seen the vision, immediately we endeavored to go into Macedonia, assuredly gathering that the Lord had called us for to preach the Gospel unto them." "Assuredly gathering," it says, "that the Lord had called us." That is, inferring, both from the circumstance that Paul saw it and none other, and from the having been "forbidden by the Spirit," and from their be…

Notably, Luke was with Paul in those cities, as appears from these words in which he includes himself at the same time, saying: We sought, we came by a straight course, and other similar things. [AMMONIUS]

It should be noted that in these cities Luke was also with Paul. This is evident from the fact that the latter unites his own person with the former, when he says: "we resolved to set out... we sailed a straight course... we stayed."

αναχθεντες ουν απο της τρωαδος ευθυδρομησαμεν εις σαμοθρακην τη τε επιουση εις νεαπολιν

"Therefore loosing from Troas, we came with a straight course to Samothracia, and the next day to Neapolis; and from thence to Philippi, which is the chief city of that part of Macedonia, and a colony." That is, even the voyage made this manifest: for there was no tardiness. It became the very root of Macedonia. It is a high distinction for a city, the being a colony.

He calls Neapolis the present Christopolis.

"And sailing from Troas, we came with a straight course to Samothracia. "After sailing from Troas, Paul and Silas, walking through some cities, came to Philippi, "which is the chief city of part of Macedonia, a colony." There a certain woman, Lydia, a seller of purple, converted to Christ, and with her entire household obtained the grace of baptism.

εκειθεν τε εις φιλιππους ητις εστιν πρωτη της μεριδος της μακεδονιας πολις κολωνεια ημεν δε εν αυτη τη πολει διατριβοντες ημερας τινας

τη τε ημερα των σαββατων εξηλθομεν εξω της πολεως παρα ποταμον ου ενομιζετο προσευχη ειναι και καθισαντες ελαλουμεν ταις συνελθουσαις γυναιξιν

See again Paul judaizing. "Where it was thought," it says, both from the time and from the place, "that prayer would be." Out of the city, by a river side: for it is not to be supposed that they prayed only where there was a synagogue; they also prayed out of synagogue, but then for this purpose they set apart, as it were, a certain place, because as Jews they were more corpore…

Not only where the synagogue was, but also outside they prayed, as if separating some particular place for this purpose, namely the Jews being excessively given to bodily things. Or rather, perhaps there was no synagogue there because of the thin population; beside the river outside the city the supposedly pious used to meet secretly. [CHRYSOSTOM]

There, because of the small number of Jews, there was no synagogue, and the especially devout among them gathered secretly outside the city "by the river." As a more carnal people, the Jews, where there was no synagogue, prayed even outside of one, designating some particular place for this — they also prayed on Sabbaths, when the people usually gathered as well.

και τις γυνη ονοματι λυδια πορφυροπωλις πολεως θυατειρων σεβομενη τον θεον ηκουεν ης ο κυριος διηνοιξεν την καρδιαν προσεχειν τοις λαλουμενοις υπο του παυλου

ως δε εβαπτισθη και ο οικος αυτης παρεκαλεσεν λεγουσα ει κεκρικατε με πιστην τω κυριω ειναι εισελθοντες εις τον οικον μου μεινατε και παρεβιασατο ημας

Observe that instruction came first, and then, after the disciples heard the word, baptism followed. But if someone dares to say, "Behold!

Notice again the absence of pride. She was a woman, and she was lowly and a manual laborer. Note, however, that the woman was a lover of wisdom. The first evidence of this is her testimony that God called her. See how the writer of the story was not ashamed to report the habits of life.… And as for us, let us not be ashamed of these students or of any student of these things.

"If you have judged me to be faithful to the Lord." See how wise this woman is: first she herself testified that God had called her. Notice also her modesty. She is a simple woman; she sold fabrics dyed in purple. And Luke is not ashamed to mention her trade.

εγενετο δε πορευομενων ημων εις προσευχην παιδισκην τινα εχουσαν πνευμα πυθωνος απαντησαι ημιν ητις εργασιαν πολλην παρειχεν τοις κυριοις αυτης μαντευομενη

It appears probable enough that this man possesses a demon as his familiar spirit, by means of whom he seems able to prophesy, and also enables as many as he counts worthy to be partakers of his Charis themselves to prophesy.

"And it came to pass," it says, "as we went to prayer, a certain damsel possessed with a spirit of divination met us, which brought her masters much gain by soothsaying: the same followed Paul and us, and cried, saying, These men are the servants of the most high God, which show unto us the way of salvation." What may be the reason that both the demon spoke these words, and Pau…

What spirit possessed the servant girl? They call it, after the place, the god Python. He wanted to lead the apostles into temptation.

αυτη κατακολουθησασα τω παυλω και ημιν τω σιλα εκραζεν λεγουσα ουτοι οι ανθρωποι δουλοι του θεου του υψιστου εισιν οιτινες καταγγελλουσιν ημιν οδον σωτηριας

Jesus our Lord does not accept witness from demons, as he said, "Be silent and come out of him." So, in imitation of him, his apostle Paul "grieving" it says, "turned and addressed the spirit of Python, 'I command you in the name of Jesus Christ, depart from her.' " Perhaps you may ask why Paul is grieving when he rebukes the spirit of Python.

These men are servants of the Most High God. This is not a confession from the will, followed by a reward for confessing, but compelled by the fear of the Holy Spirit, the lying spirit speaks truth, not daring to hide its darkness any longer in the present light. But God says to the sinner: Why do you recount my statutes?

"Following Paul and us, she cried out, saying: these men are servants of the Most High God." O unclean spirit! If you know that they "proclaim the way of salvation," then why do you not depart from them?

τουτο δε εποιει επι πολλας ημερας διαπονηθεις δε ο παυλος και επιστρεψας τω πνευματι ειπεν παραγγελλω σοι εν τω ονοματι ιησου χριστου εξελθειν απ αυτης και εξηλθεν αυτη τη ωρα

At first then, Paul would not admit it, but scorned it, not wishing to cast himself all at once upon miracles; but when it continued to do this, and pointed to their work "who preach unto us the way of salvation," then he commanded it to come out. For it says, "Paul being grieved, turned and said to the spirit, I command thee in the name of Jesus Christ to come out of her.

I command you in the name of Jesus Christ to come out of her. Bar-Jesus, who was an adversary of the faith, was struck blind both in physical weakness and loss of his sight. But he managed to deprive this woman, who though perverted in mind, yet spoke the truth, only of her wicked art.

"Paul, having become indignant," that is, being aroused and agitated. By shutting her mouth, even though she was speaking the truth, he teaches us not to admit demons to ourselves, even if they take on the appearance of defending the truth, but to block every occasion of temptation for them and not to listen to anything they say.

ιδοντες δε οι κυριοι αυτης οτι εξηλθεν η ελπις της εργασιας αυτων επιλαβομενοι τον παυλον και τον σιλαν ειλκυσαν εις την αγοραν επι τους αρχοντας

και προσαγαγοντες αυτους τοις στρατηγοις ειπον ουτοι οι ανθρωποι εκταρασσουσιν ημων την πολιν ιουδαιοι υπαρχοντες

και καταγγελλουσιν εθη α ουκ εξεστιν ημιν παραδεχεσθαι ουδε ποιειν ρωμαιοις ουσιν

και συνεπεστη ο οχλος κατ αυτων και οι στρατηγοι περιρρηξαντες αυτων τα ιματια εκελευον ραβδιζειν

πολλας τε επιθεντες αυτοις πληγας εβαλον εις φυλακην παραγγειλαντες τω δεσμοφυλακι ασφαλως τηρειν αυτους

ος παραγγελιαν τοιαυτην ειληφως εβαλεν αυτους εις την εσωτεραν φυλακην και τους ποδας αυτων ησφαλισατο εις το ξυλον

κατα δε το μεσονυκτιον παυλος και σιλας προσευχομενοι υμνουν τον θεον επηκροωντο δε αυτων οι δεσμιοι

But how" in every place," since we are prohibited (from praying) in public? In every place, he means, which opportunity or even necessity, may have rendered suitable: for that which was done by the apostles (who, in gaol, in the audience of the prisoners, "began praying and singing to God") is not considered to have been done contrary to the precept; nor yet that which was done…

What could equal these souls? These men had been scourged, had received many stripes, they had been misused, were in peril of their lives, were thrust into the inner prison, and set fast in the stocks: and for all this they did not suffer themselves to sleep, but kept vigil all the night.

And at midnight Paul and Silas were worshiping God, saying a hymn, and so forth. The devotion of the apostolic heart and the power of prayer are expressed together, as both they sang hymns in the depth of the prison, and their praise shook the ground of the prison, and struck its foundations, and opened the gates, and finally released the chains of the prisoners themselves.

αφνω δε σεισμος εγενετο μεγας ωστε σαλευθηναι τα θεμελια του δεσμωτηριου ανεωχθησαν τε παραχρημα αι θυραι πασαι και παντων τα δεσμα ανεθη

And suddenly there was a great earthquake, so that the foundations of the prison were shaken, and immediately all the doors were opened, and every one's bands were loosed. And why did no other miracle take place?

An earthquake struck so great that it awakened the prison guard; indeed the doors were opened, so that he might marvel at what had happened and believe. For these things were not done for display, but for salvation. Were not these seen before by those who were bound? For otherwise certainly all would have fled.

"Suddenly there was a great earthquake." The doors opened, and the prison guard woke up. What had happened astonished him. But the prisoners did not see this, otherwise they would all have fled. And so that the guard would not think that this had happened by itself, the doors opened following the earthquake.

εξυπνος δε γενομενος ο δεσμοφυλαξ και ιδων ανεωγμενας τας θυρας της φυλακης σπασαμενος μαχαιραν εμελλεν εαυτον αναιρειν νομιζων εκπεφευγεναι τους δεσμιους

εφωνησεν δε φωνη μεγαλη ο παυλος λεγων μηδεν πραξης σεαυτω κακον απαντες γαρ εσμεν ενθαδε

αιτησας δε φωτα εισεπηδησεν και εντρομος γενομενος προσεπεσεν τω παυλω και τω σιλα

και προαγαγων αυτους εξω εφη κυριοι τι με δει ποιειν ινα σωθω

οι δε ειπον πιστευσον επι τον κυριον ιησουν χριστον και σωθηση συ και ο οικος σου

και ελαλησαν αυτω τον λογον του κυριου και πασιν τοις εν τη οικια αυτου

και παραλαβων αυτους εν εκεινη τη ωρα της νυκτος ελουσεν απο των πληγων και εβαπτισθη αυτος και οι αυτου παντες παραχρημα

αναγαγων τε αυτους εις τον οικον αυτου παρεθηκεν τραπεζαν και ηγαλλιατο πανοικι πεπιστευκως τω θεω

ημερας δε γενομενης απεστειλαν οι στρατηγοι τους ραβδουχους λεγοντες απολυσον τους ανθρωπους εκεινους

απηγγειλεν δε ο δεσμοφυλαξ τους λογους τουτους προς τον παυλον οτι απεσταλκασιν οι στρατηγοι ινα απολυθητε νυν ουν εξελθοντες πορευεσθε εν ειρηνη

ο δε παυλος εφη προς αυτους δειραντες ημας δημοσια ακατακριτους ανθρωπους ρωμαιους υπαρχοντας εβαλον εις φυλακην και νυν λαθρα ημας εκβαλλουσιν ου γαρ αλλα ελθοντες αυτοι εξαγαγετωσαν

ανηγγειλαν δε τοις στρατηγοις οι ραβδουχοι τα ρηματα ταυτα και εφοβηθησαν ακουσαντες οτι ρωμαιοι εισιν

και ελθοντες παρεκαλεσαν αυτους και εξαγαγοντες ηρωτων εξελθειν της πολεως

εξελθοντες δε εκ της φυλακης εισηλθον προς την λυδιαν και ιδοντες τους αδελφους παρεκαλεσαν αυτους και εξηλθον

How great was their modesty and charity! Paul and Silas would not have put up with leaving, even though they had been dismissed by the magistrates, if they had not been able to go to the poor woman and the others, whom they called brothers, and made themselves their equals.

And they went out of the prison, and entered into the house of Lydia: and when they had seen the brethren, they comforted them, and departed. And they went to the house of Lydia, and having confirmed her, so departed. For it was not right to leave their hostess in distress and anxiety.

"Having departed from the prison, they came to Lydia and, having seen the brethren, instructed them, and departed." It was not fitting to leave in a state of anxiety and concern the woman who had shown them hospitality; and they, despite the urgings of the magistrates, did not wish to depart without visiting a simple woman and the other persons whom they called brethren.

Acts16