1 See, a king will be ruling in righteousness, and chiefs will give right decisions.
Jerome · AD 420 (Chapter 32, Verses 1 onwards) Behold, the king shall reign with justice, and princes shall rule with judgment. And a man shall be like one who hides from the wind, and conceals himself from the storm: like streams of water in a dry place, and the shadow of a towering rock in a barren land.
Thomas Aquinas · AD 1274 This is the third part of the threatening, in which he describes their liberation from the enemies who were threatening them then. And first, he foretells the liberation in the manner of prophecy, second, he recounts it in the manner of history: and it came to pass (ch. 36).
2 And a man will be as a safe place from the wind, and a cover from the storm; as rivers of water in a dry place, as the shade of a great rock in a waste land.
Thomas Aquinas · AD 1274 As to consolation in tribulation: and a man shall be as when one is hid from the wind, above: there shall be a tabernacle for a shade in the daytime from the heat (Isa 4:6).
3 And the eyes of those who see will not be shut, and those who have hearing will give ear to the word.
Thomas Aquinas · AD 1274 As to amendment in spiritual matters: the eyes of them that see, namely, the prophets, shall not be dim, as before, because of the sins of the king and the people, but shall receive clear visions from the Lord; and the ears, namely, of their subjects, shall hearken, fulfilling the precepts of the Lord given by the prophets.
4 The man of sudden impulses will become wise in heart, and he whose tongue is slow will get the power of talking clearly.
Thomas Aquinas · AD 1274 The heart of fools, who formerly erred following idols; and the tongue of stammerers, the prophets, who formerly spoke obscurely and enigmatically: wisdom opened the mouth of the dumb, and made the tongues of infants eloquent (Wis 10:21).
5 The foolish man will no longer be named noble, and they will not say of the false man that he is a man of honour.
Thomas Aquinas · AD 1274 And also as to their consequent liberty, namely, from tyrants: the fool shall no more be called prince, namely, Sennacherib, to whom formerly they paid tribute, as is evident in 2 Kings 18:14. I will deliver them out of the hand of the king of the Assyrians (Ezek 24).
6 For the foolish man will say foolish things, having evil thoughts in his heart, working what is unclean, and talking falsely about the Lord, to keep food from him who is in need of it, and water from him whose soul is desiring it.
Cyril of Alexandria · AD 444 And they [our opponents] even joined in censuring us, as if we thought the opposite to the things that we have already written. But I learn that they say this also, namely, that recently we have accepted a doctrinal statement, or a new creed, perhaps, I suppose, because we lightly esteem the ancient and august one.
Thomas Aquinas · AD 1274 Second, he describes the manner of liberation: for the fool. And first, he describes the affliction; second, the liberation: until the spirit be poured upon us (Isa 32:15). Concerning the first, he does two things: first, he describes the enemy who persecutes them; second, the persecution: rise up, you rich women (Isa 32:9). Concerning the first, he sets out three things.
7 The designs of the false are evil, purposing the destruction of the poor man by false words, even when he is in the right.
Thomas Aquinas · AD 1274 Second, the malice of his princes: the vessels, that is, the messengers and princes, of the deceitful, namely, of Sennacherib: a prince that gladly hears lying words, has all his servants wicked (Prov 29:12); and the execution of their malice: for he, namely, Rabsaces, about whom, see below (36), will frame (concinnabit), that is, compose, devices—cinnus is a kind of drink comp…
8 But the noble-hearted man has noble purposes, and by these he will be guided.
Thomas Aquinas · AD 1274 Third, the prudence of Ezechias in his reign: the prince, for Ezechias commanded that no one should respond to Sennacherib, above: I will restore your princes as they were before (Isa 1:26).
9 Give ear to my voice, you women who are living in comfort; give attention to my words, you daughters who have no fear of danger.
Jerome · AD 420 (Verse 9 and following) Women of wealth, rise up and listen to my voice: confident daughters, hear my words. After days and years, you will be troubled, O confident ones: for the harvest is complete, and there will be no more gathering. O women of wealth, be astounded, be troubled: strip yourselves and be ashamed. As Symmachus interpreted, expose yourselves: it continues.
Thomas Aquinas · AD 1274 Here he describes the persecution inflicted on them as to three things. First, as to the loss of fruits, stirring up attention: you women, who cry easily, rich, who have reason to cry from the ruin of their goods; or you women, that is, you feeble Jews: they that trust in their own strength, and glory in the multitude of their riches (Ps 48:7[49:6]).
10 In not much more than a year, you, who are not looking for evil, will be troubled: for the produce of the vine-gardens will be cut off, and there will be no getting in of the grapes.
Thomas Aquinas · AD 1274 And he sets out the determination of the time: after several days and one year: for tribulation is very near: for there is none to help me (Ps 21:12[22:11]). And he sets out the loss of fruits: the vintage is at an end, destroyed, the gathering, of crops, shall come no more, into our houses from the fields: the joy of the vintage is taken away (Jer 48:33).
11 Be shaking with fear, you women who are living in comfort; be troubled, you who have no fear of danger: take off your robes and put on clothing of grief.
Thomas Aquinas · AD 1274 Second, as to the devastation of the fields, he prescribes mourning, be astonished: I have put off the robe of peace (Bar 4:20), above: and the Lord in that day shall call to weeping (Isa 22:12).
12 Have sorrow for the fields, the pleasing fields, the fertile vine;
Thomas Aquinas · AD 1274 And he foretells harm: upon the land, above: briers and thorns shall come up (Isa 5:6) over it.
13 And for the land of my people, where thorns will come up; even for all the houses of joy in the glad town.
Gregory the Dialogist · AD 604 If those very persons, who amid the darkness of the present life shine bright by virtuous attainments—if they also cannot be void of contagion, with what guilt of wickedness are those bound, who still live after the flesh?
Thomas Aquinas · AD 1274 Third, as to the desolation of their cities and houses, he sets out the desolation itself: how much more, namely, to be wept for, the city that rejoiced, namely, Jerusalem, whose lower part was handed over to the Assyrians, above: a populous city, a joyous city (Isa 22:2).
14 For the fair houses will have no man living in them; the town which was full of noise will become a waste; the hill and the watchtower will be unpeopled for ever, a joy for the asses of the woods, a place of food for the flocks;
Thomas Aquinas · AD 1274 And the magnitude of the desolation as to the houses, for they were reduced to perpetual darkness, as happens to ruined buildings: and darkness: they shall grope in the dark, and not in the light (Job 12:25); and as to their fields: a joy of wild asses, which dwell in great wildernesses: a wild ass accustomed to the wilderness (Jer 2:24).
15 Till the spirit comes on us from on high, and the waste land becomes a fertile field, and the fertile field is changed into a wood.
Thomas Aquinas · AD 1274 Here he describes their liberation. And first, he sets out the consolation of the Jews; second, the destruction of their enemies: but hail (Isa 32:19); third, the prophet's congratulation: blessed are you that sow (Isa 32:20). Concerning the first, he sets out three things.
16 Then in the waste land there will be an upright rule, and righteousness will have its place in the fertile field.
Thomas Aquinas · AD 1274 As the observation of justice: and judgment shall dwell, above: Zion shall be redeemed in judgment (Isa 1:27).
17 And the work of righteousness will be peace; and the effect of an upright rule will be to take away fear for ever.
Gregory the Dialogist · AD 604 It is the practice of the impertinent ever to answer by the opposite what is said aright, lest, if they assent to the things asserted, they should seem inferior.
Thomas Aquinas · AD 1274 Note on the words, the work of justice shall be peace, that the peace of the saints in heaven will be beautiful, first, because it will not be false (Wis 15); second, because it will not be interrupted, above: and there shall be no end of peace (Isa 9:7); third, because it will be full: he has placed peace in your borders (Ps 147:14).
18 And my people will be living in peace, in houses where there is no fear, and in quiet resting-places.
Thomas Aquinas · AD 1274 Third, he sets out the pleasant enjoyment of divine consolation: and my people shall sit in the beauty of peace: but he that shall hear me, shall rest without terror, and shall enjoy abundance (Prov 1:33).
19 But the tall trees will come down with a great fall, and the town will be low in a low place.
Thomas Aquinas · AD 1274 Hail, namely, of tribulation, in the descent of the forest, that is, it shall descend from the Lord upon your enemies; the city, Ninive, above: the high city he shall lay low (Isa 26:5).
20 Happy are you who are planting seed by all the waters, and sending out the ox and the ass.
Clement of Alexandria · AD 215 The prophet says, "Blessed is he that sows into all waters, whose ox and donkey tread," [that is] the people, from the law and from the Gentiles, gathered into one faith.
Jerome · AD 420 Let them take as much pleasure as they please in their Gallican geldings; we will be satisfied with the simple "donkey" of Zechariah, loosed from its halter and made ready for the Savior's service, which received the Lord on its back and so fulfilled Isaiah's prediction: "Blessed is he that sows beside all waters, where the ox and the donkey tread under foot."
Thomas Aquinas · AD 1274 Note also on the words, blessed are you that sow upon waters, that the teaching of the Lord is water: first, because it abounds: I, wisdom, have poured out rivers (Sir 24:40); second, because it cools: as cold water to a thirsty soul (Prov 25:25); third, because it makes fruitful, below: as the rain comes down from heaven, and returns no more thither, but soaks the earth, and m…