1 In the twenty-fifth year of our exile, at the beginning of the year, on the tenth day of the month—in the fourteenth year after Jerusalem had been struck down—on that very day the hand of the LORD was upon me, and He took me there.
Jerome · AD 420 Your prayers, daughter Eustochium, and the Lord's promises have overcome my fear of explaining the temple of Ezekiel, or rather my determination to remain silent, as it says: Ask, and it will be given to you; seek, and you will find; knock, and it will be opened to you.
Gregory the Dialogist · AD 604 About to speak of mystical things, he sets forth the historical narrative first, so that he may establish from the time what is to be believed from the revelation.
2 In visions of God He took me to the land of Israel and set me on a very high mountain, on whose southern slope was a structure that resembled a city.
Gregory the Dialogist · AD 604 And he set me upon a mountain exceedingly high. What then does the high mountain signify except the Mediator of God and men, the man Christ Jesus? Who is indeed from the earth, but beyond the earth, because the flesh of our same Redeemer has its matter from below, but excels in the heights by his power.
Isaac of Nineveh · AD 700 Ezekiel was caught away supranaturally by the action of revelation, and he came to Jerusalem; and in a divine revelation he was a beholder the renewal that was to come. It is likewise with purity of soul.
3 So He took me there, and I saw a man whose appearance was like bronze. He was standing in the gateway with a linen cord and a measuring rod in his hand.
Jerome · AD 420 This man spoke to the prophet, in whose hand was a cord, and whose appearance was like bronze, and he held a reed in his hand. He spoke to Ezekiel, a true architect, whom Paul the apostle imitated, saying: Like a wise architect, I have laid the foundation.
Gregory the Dialogist · AD 604 But now he who stands in the entrance of the cave and perceives the words of God in the ear of his heart must cover his face, because while we are led through heavenly grace to understand higher things, the more subtly we are raised up, the more we must always press ourselves down through humility in our understanding, lest we strive to be wiser than we ought to be wise, but to…
4 “Son of man,” he said to me, “look with your eyes, hear with your ears, and pay attention to everything I am going to show you, for that is why you have been brought here. Report to the house of Israel everything you see.”
Jerome · AD 420 But it is not enough to command to see with the eyes and hear with the ears; but he added: And place your heart in all things; or, place in your heart all that I will show you. For nothing is of benefit to have seen and heard, unless you place those things that you have seen and heard in the treasure of memory.
Gregory the Dialogist · AD 604 Brought to the testimony of spiritual things, what is it that when it is said: "See with eyes," "your" is added, and when it is subjoined "Hear with ears," "your" is added? But it should be known that the eyes and ears of the body are present even to carnal men, and are in use for them for things that are seen corporeally.
5 And I saw a wall surrounding the temple area. Now the length of the measuring rod in the man’s hand was six long cubits (each measuring a cubit and a handbreadth), and he measured the wall to be one rod thick and one rod high.
Jerome · AD 420 (Verse 5 and following) And behold, there was a wall surrounding the house on all sides, and in the hand of the man was a measuring reed of six cubits and a handbreadth, and he measured the width of the building with the reed, one reed wide, and the height with the reed, one reed high.
Gregory the Dialogist · AD 604 Generally in sacred Scripture the incarnate Lord Himself is accustomed to be called a wall from the protection of His defense, just as it is said of holy Church through the prophet: "A wall and a rampart shall be set in her." For He Himself is a wall to us, who surrounds us by guarding us on every side.
Bonaventure · AD 1257 Next, through the addition of one unit, there is a comparison in relation to the number six. In this sense is understood the measure of the one who carried a rod of six cubits and one palm for the measuring of the temple. Seven, for Gregory, is the number of universality, as found in the major and minor worlds, and in God.
6 Then he came to the gate facing east and climbed its steps. He measured the threshold of the gate to be one rod deep.
Jerome · AD 420 The Apostle Paul, desiring the Ephesians to understand more sacred things, prays that they may be filled with the wisdom and love of the Lord, so that rooted and founded, they may be able to know and comprehend the breadth, and length, and depth, and height, and the profound riches of Him.
Gregory the Dialogist · AD 604 And measured the threshold of the gate, which was one reed broad. And he measured the threshold of the gate with one reed in width, that is, one threshold with one reed in width. Why, after "the threshold of the gate" was said, is "one threshold" immediately added, unless because it openly indicates that another threshold is mentioned still further below?
7 Each gate chamber was one rod long and one rod wide, and there were five cubits between the gate chambers. The inner threshold of the gate by the portico facing inward was one rod deep.
Gregory the Dialogist · AD 604 And the threshold of the gate by the porch of the gate within was one reed. While the threshold which is now described is mentioned to be inside next to the vestibule of the gate, it is openly shown that the threshold which was described before was outside. But if the gate is the Lord, let us inquire what the threshold of the gate inside and outside might be.
8 Then he measured the portico of the gateway inside;
Jerome · AD 420 He also measured the width of the threshold of the ten-cubit gate, which is a perfect number and is contained either in the Decalogue or in the sacraments of the four Gospels. Whoever begins with one, reaches four in such a way as to fill the number ten.
Gregory the Dialogist · AD 604 The man, whose appearance was like the appearance of bronze, measured the vestibule of the gate at eight cubits, and its front at two cubits. And lest we should believe the vestibule to be outside the gate, it is added: But the vestibule of the gate was on the inside.
9 it was eight cubits deep, and its jambs were two cubits thick. And the portico of the gateway faced the temple.
Gregory the Dialogist · AD 604 And its front was two cubits. But no one comes to that place unless he has held here with a devoted mind love of God and neighbor. Hence it is added: "And its front was two cubits." For the front of the gate is the good merit of the present life.
10 There were three gate chambers on each side of the east gate, each with the same measurements, and the gateposts on either side also had the same measurements.
Gregory the Dialogist · AD 604 Moreover the chambers of the gate toward the way of the East were three on this side and three on that side, and there was one measure for the three. What the chambers and what the Eastern way designate, we have already said above, and we do not think it necessary to repeat them at greater length.
11 And he measured the width of the gateway entrance to be ten cubits, and its length was thirteen cubits.
Gregory the Dialogist · AD 604 And he measured the width of the threshold of the gate as ten cubits, and the length of the gate as thirteen cubits. We have already said much above about the meaning of the gate, but we ought to hold to one thing through which the prudence of the reader can also penetrate the rest. Indeed it was said that Sacred Scripture can be figured through the gate.
12 In front of each gate chamber was a wall one cubit high, and the gate chambers were six cubits square.
Gregory the Dialogist · AD 604 And a border before the chambers of one cubit. And one cubit the border on each side. As we have often said, the chambers are the hearts of the elect, burning with love for almighty God. What then is expressed by the border before the chambers, if not faith? Because unless this is first held, one can by no means attain to spiritual love.
13 Then he measured the gateway from the roof of one gate chamber to the roof of the opposite one; the distance was twenty-five cubits from doorway to doorway.
Gregory the Dialogist · AD 604 And door against door. In this place, "contra" (against/opposite) is not placed in opposition to adversity, but to rectitude. For a door is opposite a door when one arrives by a straight path from the outer entrance to the inner one. In the knowledge of almighty God, our first door is faith, while the second is the vision of Him, to which we arrive by walking through faith.
14 Next he measured the gateposts to be sixty cubits high. The gateway extended around to the gatepost of the courtyard.
Jerome · AD 420 (Verse 14 and following) He made fronts for sixty cubits, and the courtyard of the gate had a surrounding circuit. And before the face of the gate, which reached up to the face of the interior vestibule gate, there were fifty cubits, and oblique windows in the chambers, and in their fronts which were inside the gate all around.
Gregory the Dialogist · AD 604 And he made fronts of sixty cubits, and to the front of the gate was the court on every side round about. We have often said that perfection of good work is signified by the number six, not following what the wise men of this age have striven to establish, saying that the number six is perfect because it is completed when counted in its own order, as when one, two, three are sa…
15 And the distance from the entrance of the gateway to the far end of its inner portico was fifty cubits.
Jerome · AD 420 And after seven full weeks of festivity and joy, the first day of the Octave begins, which is the Day of Resurrection, and it brings us close to the temple.
Gregory the Dialogist · AD 604 And before the face of the gate which extended to the face of the vestibule of the inner gate, fifty cubits. That which is said in this place, "Before the face of the gate," describes not the exterior, but the interior place before the gate, since it is reported to extend up to the face of the vestibule of the inner gate.
16 The gate chambers and their side pillars had beveled windows all around the inside of the gateway. The porticos also had windows all around on the inside. Each side pillar was decorated with palm trees.
Gregory the Dialogist · AD 604 And in their fronts which were within the gate on every side round about. For there were windows in the chambers, and there were also windows in their fronts, which had been constructed within the gate on every side all around, because he who has a heart within also receives the light of contemplation.
17 Then he brought me into the outer court, and there were chambers and a pavement laid out all around the court. Thirty chambers faced the pavement,
Jerome · AD 420 And the pavement was laid with stone, so that the feet of the inhabitants, who were sinners, would not be polluted by mud, dirt, and the dust. But rather, the stones on which the temple of God is built, were walked upon.
Gregory the Dialogist · AD 604 After the prophet, introducing oblique windows concerning the grace of contemplation, spoke many things, he says he was led outside, and recalls having seen treasuries. In these treasuries, what else is designated but the knowledge of teachers?
18 which flanked the gateways and corresponded to the length of the gates; this was the lower pavement.
Gregory the Dialogist · AD 604 But in this matter we must vigilantly observe that the prophet, after he had described the treasury chambers, added: "The pavement round about." And below he added: "The treasury chambers round about the pavement." So that both the treasury chambers appear to be round about the pavement, and the pavement round about the treasury chambers.
19 Then he measured the distance from the front of the lower gateway to the outside of the inner court; it was a hundred cubits on the east side as well as on the north.
Gregory the Dialogist · AD 604 In these words, if we understand the gate as the entrance by which we enter into the knowledge of the Lord, the lower gate is faith, while the inner court is contemplation. Moreover, the lower gate has width in its face, because clearly faith through the amplitude of its charity has that operation which is seen by neighbors.
20 He also measured the length and width of the gateway of the outer court facing north.
Jerome · AD 420 (Verse 20, 21.) He also measured the gate of the outer court that faced north, both in length and width. It had three rooms on each side, and its front and vestibule were the same size as those of the gate that faced east.
Gregory the Dialogist · AD 604 Readers must exercise great discernment, so that when any single word is used in sacred Scripture, it is not believed to always signify one and the same thing—just as sometimes "sun" is taken in a good sense, and sometimes in a bad sense. For by the name of sun, sometimes our Redeemer Himself is signified, and sometimes persecution.
21 Its three gate chambers on each side, its side pillars, and its portico all had the same measurements as the first gate: fifty cubits long and twenty-five cubits wide.
Jerome · AD 420 And it had, it says, fifty cubits in length and twenty-five in width, so that eternal rest might be demonstrated after fifty weeks following seven weeks: extending during the day of resurrection to the kingdoms of heaven, in which true rest is found.
Gregory the Dialogist · AD 604 And because in the knowledge of the Holy Trinity hearers advance from the word of preaching in love of the same Trinity, this same gate has three chambers on one side and three on the other, because everything that the Creator speaks concerning the Trinity through the New Testament, He also shows from the Old Testament.
22 Its windows, portico, and palm trees had the same measurements as those of the gate facing east. Seven steps led up to it, with its portico opposite them.
Gregory the Dialogist · AD 604 "And its windows, and its vestibule, and its carvings were according to the measure of the gate which looked toward the East; and its ascent was of seven steps, and the vestibule before it." All these things have already been discussed more extensively above, and therefore the discourse should not be delayed with a lengthy exposition.
23 There was a gate to the inner court facing the north gate, just as there was on the east. He measured the distance from gateway to gateway to be a hundred cubits.
Gregory the Dialogist · AD 604 "And the gate of the inner court opposite the gate to the North and to the East." In this place "contra" [against/opposite] is placed not for opposition, but for straightness; for the gate of the inner court was shown to be positioned such that the gate of the North and of the East extended to it by a straight approach.
24 Then he led me to the south side, and I saw a gateway facing south. He measured its side pillars and portico, and they had the same measurements as the others.
Jerome · AD 420 (Verse 24 and following) 'And he led me to the south gate, and behold, there was a gate that faced south. And its frontispiece and vestibule were measured according to the upper measurements, and its windows and vestibules all around were like the other windows.
Gregory the Dialogist · AD 604 "And he led me out to the way of the South, and behold a gate which looked toward the South; and he measured its front and its vestibule according to the measures above." All these things have already been said regarding the gate of the East and the North, and it is not fitting that we should repeatedly go over what we have already explained once and twice.
25 Both the gateway and its portico had windows all around, like the other windows. It was fifty cubits long and twenty-five cubits wide.
Gregory the Dialogist · AD 604 "And there were windows in it and in the arches thereof round about, like those windows: the length was fifty cubits, and the breadth five and twenty cubits." Among these matters, however, it can be asked, since there are four parts of this world, why in this building of the outer court are not four but three gates mentioned?
26 Seven steps led up to it, and its portico was opposite them; it had palm trees on its side pillars, one on each side.
Gregory the Dialogist · AD 604 "And there were seven steps to go up to it, and the arches thereof were before them: and it had palm trees, one on this side, and another on that side, upon the posts thereof." What is the meaning of this, that earlier a painting of palms was on the fronts, but now carved palms are mentioned as being on the front?
27 The inner court also had a gate facing south, and he measured the distance from gateway to gateway toward the south to be a hundred cubits.
Jerome · AD 420 And lest we think there is only one atrium to the south, it is said about the second atrium: And the entrance of the inner atrium is on the southern road: and it is measured from the entrance to the entrance on the southern road one hundred cubits; so that after a week and the sacraments of the old covenant, she may reach the good land and the grace of the Gospel.
Gregory the Dialogist · AD 604 Now it is said: "And the gate of the inner court toward the South way, and he measured from gate to gate in the South way, one hundred cubits." Now, therefore, we must inquire what these three inner gates are.
28 Next he brought me into the inner court through the south gate, and he measured the south gate; it had the same measurements as the others.
Gregory the Dialogist · AD 604 "And he brought me into the inner court by the South gate, and he measured the gate according to the former measures." But if by the name of gates we understand only the holy apostles to be designated, who are indeed the first preachers of holy Church to us, and who taught us to hold most firmly to faith, hope, and charity, they therefore are gates for us in these virtues, who…
29 Its gate chambers, side pillars, and portico had the same measurements as the others. Both the gateway and its portico had windows all around; it was fifty cubits long and twenty-five cubits wide.
Gregory the Dialogist · AD 604 "And he measured the gate according to the former measures, its chamber, and its front, and its vestibule with the same measures, and its windows, and its vestibule round about, fifty cubits in length, and twenty-five cubits in width, and the vestibule all around." What, therefore, is signified by the inner court, by the chamber, by the fronts, by the vestibule, by the windows,…
30 (The porticoes around the inner court were twenty-five cubits long and five cubits deep.)
Gregory the Dialogist · AD 604 "Twenty-five cubits in length, and five cubits in width, and its vestibule toward the outer court." The interior gates have vestibules that are measured as twenty-five cubits in length. For if we multiply eight by three, we arrive at twenty-four. To this one is added, so that we have twenty-five.
31 Its portico faced the outer court, and its side pillars were decorated with palm trees. Eight steps led up to it.
Gregory the Dialogist · AD 604 "And its palm trees on the front, and there were eight steps by which one ascended to it." This step, as Truth teaches, was shown to a certain man, who when the precepts of the law were spoken to him, responded: All these things have I kept from my youth. For he was standing as it were already on seven steps, when he said he had kept all things from his youth.
32 And he brought me to the inner court on the east side, and he measured the gateway; it had the same measurements as the others.
Jerome · AD 420 (Versed. 28 seqq.) And he led me into the inner courtyard by the eastern way: and he measured the gate according to the upper measurements; its chamber and its front and its vestibule as before, and its windows and its vestibules all around, with a length of fifty cubits and a width of twenty-five cubits.
Gregory the Dialogist · AD 604 "And he brought me into the inner court by the East gate, and he measured the gate according to the former measures, its chamber, and its front, and its vestibule as above." This also which is written concerning the South gate is narrated in the same order concerning the East gate as well.
33 Its gate chambers, side pillars, and portico had the same measurements as the others. Both the gateway and its portico had windows all around. It was fifty cubits long and twenty-five cubits wide.
Gregory the Dialogist · AD 604 "And its windows, and its vestibules round about, fifty cubits in length, and twenty-five cubits in width." But if the Gentile world is designated by the name of the North, it is clear to all who read carefully that the Gentile world existed before the Synagogue. For Heber himself, from whom the Hebrews are named, was chosen from among the Gentiles.
34 Its portico faced the outer court, and its side pillars were decorated with palm trees on each side. Eight steps led up to it.
Gregory the Dialogist · AD 604 "And its vestibule, that is, of the inner court, and palm trees carved on its front on this side and on that, and its ascent was by eight steps." In the first description, therefore, let the Eastern gate be before the gate of the North and of the South; but in the second, let the gate of the East be named between the gate of the South and of the North, because both from His div…
35 Then he brought me to the north gate and measured it. It had the same measurements as the others,
Jerome · AD 420 (Verse 35 and following) 'And he brought me to the gate that faced the north, and he measured it according to the higher measurements: its chamber, its facade, its vestibule, and its windows all around: it was fifty cubits long and twenty-five cubits wide.
Gregory the Dialogist · AD 604 "And he brought me to the gate which looked toward the North, and he measured according to the former measures, its chamber, and its front, and its vestibule." Those things also which were said concerning the South gate and the East gate are repeated in the same words also concerning the gate which looks toward the North. The converted Gentile world is designated by the North.
36 as did its gate chambers, side pillars, and portico. It also had windows all around. It was fifty cubits long and twenty-five cubits wide.
Gregory the Dialogist · AD 604 "And its windows round about, fifty cubits in length, and twenty-five cubits in width." But because our discourse has led us to the resurrection of the flesh, it is exceedingly sad and greatly lamentable that we know some stand in the Church and yet doubt the resurrection of the flesh.
37 Its portico faced the outer court, and its side pillars were decorated with palm trees on each side. Eight steps led up to it.
Gregory the Dialogist · AD 604 "And its vestibule looked toward the outer court, and carved palm trees on its front on this side and on that, and its ascent was by eight steps." Behold, the ancient and new Fathers agree with one another in one spirit concerning the resurrection of the flesh.
38 There was a chamber with a doorway by the portico in each of the inner gateways. There the burnt offering was to be washed.
Jerome · AD 420 And there are four tables made of square stones, and these themselves are for sacrifice and burnt offering (also called holocausts). These are living stones that are rolled upon the earth, and they have with them a corner stone, by which the walls of the old and new Covenant are held together.
Gregory the Dialogist · AD 604 "And for each treasury chamber there was a door in the fronts of the gates." We said above that the treasuries are the hearts of teachers, which preserve the riches of knowledge. The fronts of the gates are the words and works of preachers, by which we recognize outwardly what kind of persons they are who live within themselves.
39 Inside the portico of the gateway were two tables on each side, on which the burnt offerings, sin offerings, and guilt offerings were to be slaughtered.
Gregory the Dialogist · AD 604 That the holocaust might be slain upon them, and for sin, and for trespass. Concerning the four tables of the inner vestibule it is said: "That the holocaust might be slain upon them, and for sin, and for trespass." For there is this difference between sin and trespass: sin is to do evil things, while trespass is to abandon good things which ought especially to be maintained.
40 Outside, as one goes up to the entrance of the north gateway, there were two tables on one side and two more tables on the other side of the gate’s portico.
Gregory the Dialogist · AD 604 And at the outer side, which goes up to the entrance of the gate that looks toward the north. Nor does it seem foreign to reason that the prophet, when he was speaking of the outer side and naming the door of the gate, added: Which goes toward the North. For in the outer custody the law given in the letter was kept.
41 So there were four tables inside the gateway and four outside—eight tables in all—on which the sacrifices were to be slaughtered.
Gregory the Dialogist · AD 604 Four tables on this side, and four tables on that side, by the sides of the gate. But let it be said: Four tables on this side, and four tables on that side by the sides of the gate. For while faith and life, doctrine and prophecy are kept in the minds of the good, our gate, that is the understanding of sacred speech, has four tables on its side.
42 There were also four tables of dressed stone for the burnt offering, each a cubit and a half long, a cubit and a half wide, and a cubit high. On these were placed the utensils used to slaughter the burnt offerings and the other sacrifices.
Gregory the Dialogist · AD 604 And in height one cubit. The height of the tables is one cubit. For what is the height of the saints, if not faith in invisible things? For through faith what is not seen is believed, and therefore through this the mind of the righteous is led to height, so that it may despise all visible things on earth and follow in heaven those invisible things which it hears.
43 The double-pronged hooks, each a handbreadth long, were fastened all around the inside of the room, and the flesh of the offering was to be placed on the tables.
Gregory the Dialogist · AD 604 Turned inward all around. But perhaps the teacher's discourse is against vainglory, and while wonderfully insinuating how it ought to be avoided, he seeks vainglory by those very words with which he argues against that same vainglory. If therefore he desires to obtain what he forbids, the table does not turn its lip inward.
44 Outside the inner gate, within the inner court, were two chambers, one beside the north gate and facing south, and another beside the south gate and facing north.
Jerome · AD 420 (Vers. 44 seqq.) "And outside the front gate of the cantor's treasury in the inner courtyard, which was on the side of the gate facing the north, their faces were towards the south: one on the side of the eastern gate, which faced the way of the north." Regarding the treasuries, the Seventy translated them as exedrae.
Gregory the Dialogist · AD 604 The North gate can signify the Gentiles, the South way Judea, and the East gate the Lord Himself. For not without reason is the Gentile world represented by the North, which he possessed in the coldness of torpor who said: "I will sit on the mount of the covenant, on the sides of the North." Judea is also rightly understood by the South gate, in which the spiritual fathers burn…
45 Then the man said to me: “The chamber that faces south is for the priests who keep charge of the temple,
Jerome · AD 420 "And he said to me: This is the treasury that faces the southern way of the priests, who keep watch in the temple's guardrooms.
Gregory the Dialogist · AD 604 In these words of the prophet we must first inquire who are the priests of the greater order, whether those who keep watch in the guardianships of the temple, or those who serve at the ministry of the altar.
46 and the chamber that faces north is for the priests who keep charge of the altar. These are the sons of Zadok, the only Levites who may approach the LORD to minister before Him.”
Gregory the Dialogist · AD 604 There are moreover priests of a lesser order who keep watch for the ministry of the altar, who namely investigate carefully the sins of those who transgress in aid of their superiors, and correct the life of carnal men, and bring them to the point where through the laments of penance they set ablaze, as it were, the flesh in sacrifice which they had previously permitted to live…
47 Next he measured the court. It was square, a hundred cubits long and a hundred cubits wide. And the altar was in front of the temple.
Jerome · AD 420 "And he measured the porch of the temple by the length of one hundred cubits, and the width of one hundred cubits, square: and the altar that was before the temple." But this man who introduced Ezekiel into the inner courtyard, and so to speak, into the Holy of Holies, measured the courtyard itself, in which there were two chambers or treasuries assigned to the guards of the te…
Gregory the Dialogist · AD 604 But because under the name of the altar a discourse on the flame of compunction has presented itself, I think it necessary to show what the diversity of that same compunction is. For one compunction is that which is born through fear, another which is born through love, because it is one thing to flee punishments, another to desire rewards.
48 Then he brought me to the portico of the temple and measured the side pillars of the portico to be five cubits on each side. The width of the gateway was fourteen cubits and its sidewalls were three cubits on either side.
Jerome · AD 420 "And he brought me into the porch of the temple, and he measured the porch five cubits on this side, and five cubits on that side: and the breadth of the gate three cubits on this side, and three cubits on that side." Moreover, the aforementioned man led Ezekiel into the vestibule, or πρόπυλον of the temple, which measured five cubits on each side, for the one who was brought i…
49 The portico was twenty cubits wide and twelve cubits deep, and ten steps led up to it. There were columns by the side pillars, one on each side.
Jerome · AD 420 "And the length of the porch was twenty cubits, and the breadth eleven cubits, and there were steps to it: and pillars before the gates one on this side, and another on that side." But what follows, the length of the vestibule is twenty cubits, and the width is eleven cubits, seems to raise the question of how the dual number, which refers to two decades, and the eleventh, whic…